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@ARTICLE{Weinrich:864385,
      author       = {Weinrich, Henning and Gehring, Markus and Tempel, Hermann
                      and Kungl, Hans and Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{E}lectrode thickness-dependent formation of porous iron
                      electrodes for secondary alkaline iron-air batteries},
      journal      = {Electrochimica acta},
      volume       = {314},
      issn         = {0013-4686},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04177},
      pages        = {61 - 71},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Secondary iron-air batteries re-gained considerable
                      scientific attention due to their excellent energy
                      densities, pronounced environmental friendliness and
                      exceptional reversibility compared to other metal-air
                      batteries. In order to exploit the energy density of iron on
                      full-cell level, the ratio between anode- and overall
                      battery material should be as large as possible, aiming at
                      practically competitive iron-air battery performances in the
                      future. Therefore, here, we report the investigation of
                      comparatively thick, pressed-plate, carbonyl iron-anodes and
                      the distinctive attempt to further elucidate the processes
                      behind the electrochemical formation. In order to do so, the
                      electrode thickness-dependent charge-/discharge performance,
                      the wetting behavior and the specific surface area of the
                      electrodes were examined. In addition to the established
                      dissolution and precipitation mechanism of iron, we propose
                      that a gradually increasing number of electrochemically
                      active carbonyl iron particles may be an additional source
                      of active iron surface for the steeply increasing discharge
                      capacity during the formation, which is particularly
                      relevant for thick rather than thin electrodes. Furthermore,
                      substantiated by cross-section SEM-images, we propose that
                      the increasing number of active carbonyl iron particles is
                      induced by microstructural changes of the electrode,
                      hypothetically driven by hydrogen evolution during the
                      formation period. Bound to the access of electrolyte, the
                      process suggests the presence of active material on the
                      outside and inactive, since non-wetted, material on the
                      inside of porous carbonyl iron-anodes depending on their
                      state of formation.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000470237300007},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.025},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864385},
}