TY  - JOUR
AU  - Galldiks, Norbert
AU  - Kocher, Martin
AU  - Ceccon, Garry
AU  - Werner, Jan-Michael
AU  - Brunn, Anna
AU  - Deckert, Martina
AU  - Pope, Whitney B
AU  - Soffietti, Riccardo
AU  - Le Rhun, Emilie
AU  - Weller, Michael
AU  - Tonn, Jörg C
AU  - Fink, Gereon R
AU  - Langen, Karl-Josef
TI  - Imaging challenges of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in patients with brain metastases: Response, Progression, and Pseudoprogression
JO  - Neuro-Oncology
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
SN  - 1523-5866
CY  - Oxford
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
M1  - FZJ-2019-04375
SP  - 17-30
PY  - 2020
AB  - The advent of immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapy (TT) has dramatically improved the prognosis of various cancer types. However, following ICI therapy or TT—either alone (especially ICI) or in combination with radiotherapy—imaging findings on anatomical contrast-enhanced MRI can be unpredictable and highly variable, and are often difficult to interpret regarding treatment response and outcome. This review aims at summarizing the imaging challenges related to TT and ICI monotherapy as well as combined with radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases, and to give an overview on advanced imaging techniques which potentially overcome some of these imaging challenges. Currently, major evidence suggests that imaging parameters especially derived from amino acid PET, perfusion-/diffusion-weighted MRI, or MR spectroscopy may provide valuable additional information for the differentiation of treatment-induced changes from brain metastases recurrence and the evaluation of treatment response.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:31437274
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000522635600005
DO  - DOI:10.1093/neuonc/noz147
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864681
ER  -