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@ARTICLE{Chen:864831,
      author       = {Chen, Weiwei and Zheng, Xunhua and Wolf, Benjamin and Yao,
                      Zhisheng and Liu, Chunyan and Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus and
                      Brüggemann, Nicolas},
      title        = {{L}ong-term grazing effects on soil-atmosphere exchanges of
                      {CO}2, {CH}4 and {N}2{O} at different grasslands in {I}nner
                      {M}ongolia: {A} soil core study},
      journal      = {Ecological indicators},
      volume       = {105},
      issn         = {1470-160X},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04478},
      pages        = {316 - 328},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Regional greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets in vast grasslands
                      may be changing due to overgrazing and grassland types.
                      However, the comprehensive effects of grazing patterns,
                      environmental factors and grassland types on soil carbon
                      dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)
                      exchanges have been poorly studied. This study investigates
                      the effects of long-term grazing on the soil-atmosphere
                      exchanges of CO2, CH4 and N2O in important processes within
                      different grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China. Using manual
                      static chamber and gas chromatography, we measured the
                      fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O from intact soil cores of paired
                      grazed/ungrazed sites collected from two typical steppes
                      (Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis): one wetland in a flood
                      plain and one desert steppe in the region of the Xilin River
                      catchment, Inner Mongolia. Soil gas flux and concentration
                      measurements were conducted in four simulated conditions
                      (i.e., drought, dry-wet, intense rainfall and freeze-thaw),
                      which represent important processes in annual GHG exchanges.
                      Extreme drought significantly inhibited CO2 and N2O
                      emissions in all plots but did not change the CH4 uptake by
                      typical steppes. Dry-wet transition and intense rainfall
                      could remarkably promote soil CO2 emission pulses at
                      different types, significantly decrease CH4 uptake by
                      typical steppes, and arouse N2O emission pulses at all plots
                      with different times of occurrence. During the freeze-thaw
                      simulation, temperature-induced soil CO2 emission and CH4
                      uptake/emission presented a clear alternative variation,
                      while soil thaw only slightly increased
                      (<15 μg N m−2 h−1) in the steppes and sand
                      dunes and was significantly higher in the wetland
                      (11–96 μg N m−2 h−1). Long-term grazing
                      significantly inhibited soil respiration rates at all
                      grassland types, significantly decreased CH4 uptake by the
                      Leymus chinensis steppes, and did not show significant
                      influence on N2O emission due to large spatial variations
                      for all types. Compared to the ungrazed Leymus steppes,
                      Stipa steppes, sand dune and wetland, continuously grazed
                      sites were significantly reduced by $22\%,$ $38\%,$ $48\%$
                      and $47\%$ in total GHG emissions, respectively. Our results
                      indicate that the potential of the steppe soil CH4 sink
                      function can be offset by N2O emission, especially in
                      over-grazed plots. Furthermore, N2O emissions should be
                      considered in wetland rangelands with significantly higher
                      N2O emission potential (range:
                      0–343 μg N m−2 h−1) more than steppes (range:
                      0–132 μg N m−2 h−1) and sand dunes (range:
                      0–49 μg N m−2 h−1). Nevertheless,
                      comprehensive evaluation of the grazing effect on ecosystem
                      GHG emissions merits consider in both field observation and
                      incubation experiments because soil properties and
                      environmental factors could be changed by vegetation growth
                      in different grazing practices.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000490574200028},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.09.035},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864831},
}