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@ARTICLE{Aniello:865070,
      author       = {Aniello, Gianmarco and Többen, Johannes and Kuckshinrichs,
                      Wilhelm},
      title        = {{T}he transition to renewable energy
                      technologies—{I}mpact on economic performance of {N}orth
                      {R}hine-{W}estphalia},
      journal      = {Applied Sciences},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {18},
      issn         = {2076-3417},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04632},
      pages        = {3783},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The economic impacts of the German Renewable Energy Act
                      (EEG) are of considerable importance for the discussion of
                      the energy transition in Germany (Energiewende). The
                      Energiewende implies structural changes of the energy system
                      by deploying Renewable Energy (and energy efficiency)
                      Technologies (RET), but it also may induce structural
                      changes for the overall economy, with uneven effects on a
                      sub-national level. North-Rhine Westphalia (NRW) is an ideal
                      case to study such regional disparities, since this federal
                      state has scarce per-capita renewable energy sources,
                      whereas it stands out for its energy intensive industry and
                      fossil-fuel based power plants. In order to support
                      renewable energy policies, mostly gross impact assessments
                      of RET deployment have been carried out both on national and
                      regional levels. By definition, such analyses result in
                      positive assessments, since only expansionary effects
                      resulting from additional demand for RET are accounted for.
                      This paper, in contrast, presents a net impact assessment of
                      the EEG on the NRW economy of both expansionary and
                      contractionary effects. The latter consist of negative
                      income effects, increased production costs and, the
                      crowding-out of conventional energy due to the renewable
                      energy financing mechanism (i.e., electricity surcharge), as
                      well as its preferential status for feed-in. Our findings
                      show how North-Rhine Westphalia, with regard to the
                      operation of RET, suffers disproportionally from negative
                      effects in relation to the value addition of its economy in
                      comparison to the rest the country, whereas it benefits
                      marginally from the production of such facilities.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000489115200143},
      doi          = {10.3390/app9183783},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/865070},
}