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@ARTICLE{Finger:865074,
      author       = {Finger, Friedhelm and Welter, Katharina and Urbain, Félix
                      and Smirnov, Vladimir and Kaiser, Bernhard and Jaegermann,
                      Wolfram},
      title        = {{P}hotoelectrochemical {W}ater {S}plitting using {A}dapted
                      {S}ilicon {B}ased {M}ulti-{J}unction {S}olar {C}ell
                      {S}tructures: {D}evelopment of {S}olar {C}ells and
                      {C}atalysts, {U}pscaling of {C}ombined
                      {P}hotovoltaic-{E}lectrochemical {D}evices and {P}erformance
                      {S}tability},
      journal      = {Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie},
      volume       = {234},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {2196-7156},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {De Gruyter},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04636},
      pages        = {1055},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Thin film silicon based multi-junction solar cells were
                      developed for application in combined photovoltaic
                      electrochemical systems for hydrogen production from water
                      splitting. Going from single, tandem, triple up to quadruple
                      junctions, we cover a range of open circuit voltages from
                      0.5 V to 2.8 V at photovoltaic cell (PV) efficiencies above
                      $13\%.$ The solar cells were combined with electrochemical
                      (EC) cells in integrated devices from 0.5 cm2 to 64 cm2.
                      Various combinations of catalyst pairs for the oxygen and
                      hydrogen evolution reaction side (OER and HER) were
                      investigated with respect to electrochemical activity,
                      stability, cost and – important for the integrated device
                      – optical quality of the metal catalyst on the HER side as
                      back reflector of the attached solar cell. The combined
                      PV-EC systems were further investigated under varied
                      operation temperatures and illumination conditions for
                      estimation of outdoor performance and annual fuel production
                      yield. For 0.5 cm2 size combined systems a maximum
                      solar-to-hydrogen efficiency ηSTH = $9.5\%$ was achieved
                      under standard test conditions. For device upscaling to 64
                      cm2 various concepts of contact interconnects for reduced
                      current and fill factor loss when using large size solar
                      cells were investigated. To replace high performance noble
                      metal based catalyst pairs (Pt/RuO2 or Pt/IrOx), more
                      abundant and cheaper NiMo (HER) and NiFeOx (OER) compounds
                      were prepared via electrodeposition. With the NiMo/NiFeOx
                      catalyst pair we obtained ηSTH = $5.1\%$ for a 64 cm2 size
                      solar cell which was even better than the performance of the
                      Pt/IrO2 system (ηSTH = $4.8\%).$ In simulated day-night
                      cycle operation the NiMo/NiFeOx catalyst pair showed
                      excellent stability over several days. The experimental
                      studies were successfully accompanied by simulation of the
                      entire PV-EC device using a series connection model which
                      allowed studies and pre-estimations of device performance by
                      varying individual components such as catalysts,
                      electrolytes, or solar cells. Based on these results we
                      discuss the prospects and challenges of integrated PV-EC
                      devices on large area for hydrogen and solar fuel production
                      in general.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000542554000002},
      doi          = {10.1515/zpch-2019-1453},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/865074},
}