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@ARTICLE{Heinze:865083,
      author       = {Heinze, Christoph and Eyring, Veronika and Friedlingstein,
                      Pierre and Jones, Colin and Balkanski, Yves and Collins,
                      William and Fichefet, Thierry and Gao, Shuang and Hall, Alex
                      and Ivanova, Detelina and Knorr, Wolfgang and Knutti, Reto
                      and Löw, Alexander and Ponater, Michael and Schultz, Martin
                      G. and Schulz, Michael and Siebesma, Pier and Teixeira, Joao
                      and Tselioudis, George and Vancoppenolle, Martin},
      title        = {{ESD} {R}eviews: {C}limate feedbacks in the {E}arth system
                      and prospects for their evaluation},
      journal      = {Earth System Dynamics},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2190-4987},
      address      = {Göttingen},
      publisher    = {Copernicus Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04645},
      pages        = {379 - 452},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Earth system models (ESMs) are key tools for providing
                      climate projections under different scenarios of
                      human-induced forcing. ESMs include a large number of
                      additional processes and feedbacks such as biogeochemical
                      cycles that traditional physical climate models do not
                      consider. Yet, some processes such as cloud dynamics and
                      ecosystem functional response still have fairly high
                      uncertainties. In this article, we present an overview of
                      climate feedbacks for Earth system components currently
                      included in state-of-the-art ESMs and discuss the challenges
                      to evaluate and quantify them. Uncertainties in feedback
                      quantification arise from the interdependencies of
                      biogeochemical matter fluxes and physical properties, the
                      spatial and temporal heterogeneity of processes, and the
                      lack of long-term continuous observational data to constrain
                      them. We present an outlook for promising approaches that
                      can help to quantify and to constrain the large number of
                      feedbacks in ESMs in the future. The target group for this
                      article includes generalists with a background in natural
                      sciences and an interest in climate change as well as
                      experts working in interdisciplinary climate research
                      (researchers, lecturers, and students). This study updates
                      and significantly expands upon the last comprehensive
                      overview of climate feedbacks in ESMs, which was produced 15
                      years ago (NRC, 2003).},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {512 - Data-Intensive Science and Federated Computing
                      (POF3-512) / Earth System Data Exploration (ESDE)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-512 / G:(DE-Juel-1)ESDE},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000474738800001},
      doi          = {10.5194/esd-10-379-2019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/865083},
}