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@ARTICLE{Zips:865138,
      author       = {Zips, Sabine and Grob, Leroy and Rinklin, Philipp and
                      Terkan, Korkut and Adly, Nouran Yehia and Weiß, Lennart
                      Jakob Konstantin and Mayer, Dirk and Wolfrum, Bernhard},
      title        = {{F}ully {P}rinted μ-{N}eedle {E}lectrode {A}rray from
                      {C}onductive {P}olymer {I}nk for {B}ioelectronic
                      {A}pplications},
      journal      = {ACS applied materials $\&$ interfaces},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {36},
      issn         = {1944-8252},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04690},
      pages        = {32778 - 32786},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are widely used platforms in
                      bioelectronics to study electrogenic cells. In recent years,
                      the processing of conductive polymers for the fabrication of
                      three-dimensional electrode arrays has gained increasing
                      interest for the development of novel sensor designs. Here,
                      additive manufacturing techniques are promising tools for
                      the production of MEAs with three-dimensional electrodes. In
                      this work, a facile additive manufacturing process for the
                      fabrication of MEAs that feature needle-like electrode tips,
                      so-called μ-needles, is presented. To this end, an
                      aerosol-jet compatible PEDOT:PSS and multiwalled carbon
                      nanotube composite ink with a conductivity of 323 ± 75 S
                      m–1 is developed and used in a combined inkjet and
                      aerosol-jet printing process to produce the μ-needle
                      electrode features. The μ-needles are fabricated with a
                      diameter of 10 ± 2 μm and a height of 33 ± 4 μm. They
                      penetrate an inkjet-printed dielectric layer to a height of
                      12 ± 3 μm. After successful printing, the electrochemical
                      properties of the devices are assessed via cyclic
                      voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The μ-needles show
                      a capacitance of 242 ± 70 nF at a scan rate of 5 mV s–1
                      and an impedance of 128 ± 22 kΩ at 1 kHz frequency. The
                      stability of the μ-needle MEAs in aqueous electrolyte is
                      demonstrated and the devices are used to record
                      extracellular signals from cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells.
                      This proof-of-principle experiment shows the μ-needle
                      MEAs’ cell-culture compatibility and functional integrity
                      to investigate electrophysiological signals from living
                      cells.},
      cin          = {ICS-8},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-8-20110106},
      pnm          = {552 - Engineering Cell Function (POF3-552)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-552},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31424902},
      UT           = {WOS:000486360500020},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsami.9b11774},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/865138},
}