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@ARTICLE{Raumann:865290,
      author       = {Raumann, L. and Coenen, J. W. and Riesch, J. and Mao, Y.
                      and Gietl, H. and Höschen, T. and Linsmeier, Ch. and
                      Guillon, O.},
      title        = {{M}odeling and validation of chemical vapor deposition of
                      tungsten for tungsten fiber reinforced tungsten composites},
      journal      = {Surface and coatings technology},
      volume       = {381},
      issn         = {0257-8972},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science84367},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04809},
      pages        = {124745},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Tungsten is the most promising first wall material for
                      nuclear fusion reactors. One disadvantage, however, is its
                      intrinsic brittleness. Therefore, tungsten fiber reinforced
                      tungsten (Wf/W) is developed for extrinsic toughening. Wf/W
                      can be produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), e.g. by
                      reducing WF6 with H2 using heated W-fibers as substrate.
                      However, it still needs to be optimized regarding relative
                      density and fiber volume fraction. The decisive factor is
                      the tungsten deposition rate, which depends on the
                      temperature and the partial pressures. For this dependence,
                      however, there are controversial results in the literature.
                      In this article, a new rate equation is presented, in which
                      different literature equations are partially adapted and
                      combined. It adjusts the WF6 reaction order between one and
                      zero, depending on the temperature and the H2 and WF6
                      partial pressure. For validation, a simplified experimental
                      setup with a single fiber was designed, which provides very
                      well defined boundary conditions while varying the CVD
                      process parameters heating temperature, pressure, gas flow
                      rate and gas inlet composition. The experimental runs were
                      simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics. The model was
                      successfully validated by measurements of the WF6
                      consumption rates (< 2 to $100 \%),$ deposited tungsten
                      masses and spatially high-resolved tungsten deposition
                      rates.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113) / EUROfusion - Implementation of activities
                      described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon 2020
                      through a Joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion
                      consortium (633053)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113 / G:(EU-Grant)633053},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000508497500033},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.06.065},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/865290},
}