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@ARTICLE{Alkhasli:865378,
      author       = {Alkhasli, Isabel and Sakreida, Katrin and Mottaghy, Felix
                      M. and Binkofski, Ferdinand},
      title        = {{M}odulation of {F}ronto-{S}triatal {F}unctional
                      {C}onnectivity {U}sing {T}ranscranial {M}agnetic
                      {S}timulation},
      journal      = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
      volume       = {13},
      issn         = {1662-5161},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04863},
      pages        = {190},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Background: The fronto-striatal network is involved in
                      various motor, cognitive, and emotional processes, such as
                      spatial attention, working memory, decision-making, and
                      emotion regulation. Intermittent theta burst transcranial
                      magnetic stimulation (iTBS) has been shown to modulate
                      functional connectivity of brain networks. Long stimulation
                      intervals, as well as high stimulation intensities are
                      typically applied in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
                      therapy for mood disorders. The role of stimulation
                      intensity on network function and homeostasis has not been
                      explored systematically yet.Objective: In this pilot study,
                      we aimed to modulate fronto-striatal connectivity by
                      applying iTBS at different intensities to the left
                      dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We measured
                      individual and group changes by comparing resting state
                      functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) both pre-iTBS
                      and post-iTBS. Differential effects of individual sub- vs.
                      supra-resting motor-threshold stimulation intensities were
                      assessed.Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects underwent
                      excitatory iTBS at two intensities $[90\%$ and $120\%$ of
                      individual resting motor threshold (rMT)] on separate days.
                      Six-hundred pulses (2 s trains, 8 s pauses, duration of 3
                      min, 20 s) were applied over the left DLPFC. Directly before
                      and 7 min after stimulation, task-free rsfMRI sessions,
                      lasting 10 min each, were conducted. Individual seed-to-seed
                      functional connectivity changes were calculated for 10
                      fronto-striatal and amygdala regions of interest with the
                      SPM toolbox DPABI.Results: Sub-threshold-iTBS increased
                      functional connectivity directly between the left DLPFC and
                      the left and right caudate, respectively. Supra-threshold
                      stimulation did not change fronto-striatal functional
                      connectivity but increased functional connectivity between
                      the right amygdala and the right caudate.Conclusion: A short
                      iTBS protocol applied at sub-threshold intensities was not
                      only sufficient, but favorable, in order to increase
                      bilateral fronto-striatal functional connectivity, while
                      minimizing side effects. The absence of an increase in
                      functional connectivity after supra-threshold stimulation
                      was possibly caused by network homeostatic effects.},
      cin          = {INM-4 / JARA-BRAIN},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-4-20090406 / $I:(DE-82)080010_20140620$},
      pnm          = {573 - Neuroimaging (POF3-573)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-573},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31263404},
      UT           = {WOS:000471593900001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fnhum.2019.00190},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/865378},
}