% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Schiavone:865997,
      author       = {Schiavone, Maria-Maddalena and Iwase, Hiroki and Takata,
                      Shin-ichi and Radulescu, Aurel},
      title        = {{T}he {M}ultilevel {S}tructure of {S}ulfonated
                      {S}yndiotactic-{P}olystyrene {M}odel {P}olyelectrolyte
                      {M}embranes {R}esolved by {E}xtended {Q}-{R}ange {C}ontrast
                      {V}ariation {SANS}},
      journal      = {Membranes},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {2077-0375},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-05257},
      pages        = {136 - 158},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Membranes based on sulfonated synditoactic polystyrene
                      (s-sPS) were thoroughly characterized by contrast variation
                      small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) over a wide Q-range in
                      dry and hydrated states. Following special sulfonation and
                      treatment procedures, s-sPS is an attractive material for
                      fuel cells and energy storage applications. The film samples
                      were prepared by solid-state sulfonation, resulting in
                      uniform sulfonation of only the amorphous phase while
                      preserving the crystallinity of the membrane. Fullerenes,
                      which improve the resistance to oxidation decomposition,
                      were incorporated in the membranes. The fullerenes seem to
                      be chiefly located in the amorphous regions of the samples,
                      and do not influence the formation and evolution of the
                      morphologies in the polymer films, as no significant
                      differences were observed in the SANS patterns compared to
                      the fullerenes-free s-sPS membranes, which were investigated
                      in a previous study. The use of uniaxially deformed film
                      samples, and neutron contrast variation allowed for the
                      identification and characterization of different structural
                      levels with sizes between nm and μm, which form and evolve
                      in both the dry and hydrated states. The scattering length
                      density of the crystalline regions was varied using the
                      guest exchange procedure between different toluene
                      isotopologues incorporated into the sPS lattice, while the
                      variation of the scattering properties of the hydrated
                      amorphous regions was achieved using different H2O/D2O
                      mixtures. Due to the deformation of the films, the
                      scattering characteristics of different structures can be
                      distinguished on specific detection sectors and at different
                      detection distances after the sample, depending on their
                      size and orientation.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-1},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {6215 - Soft Matter, Health and Life Sciences (POF3-621) /
                      6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for
                      Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6215 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS2-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31652905},
      UT           = {WOS:000501625200007},
      doi          = {10.3390/membranes9110136},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/865997},
}