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@ARTICLE{Gvaramia:866005,
      author       = {Gvaramia, Manuchar and Mangiapia, Gaetano and Pipich,
                      Vitaliy and Appavou, Marie-Sousai and Jaksch, Sebastian and
                      Holderer, Olaf and Rukhadze, Marina D. and Frielinghaus,
                      Henrich},
      title        = {{T}unable viscosity modification with diluted particles:
                      when particles decrease the viscosity of complex fluids},
      journal      = {Colloid $\&$ polymer science},
      volume       = {297},
      number       = {11-12},
      issn         = {1435-1536},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-05265},
      pages        = {1507-1517},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {While spherical particles are the most studied viscosity
                      modifiers, they are well known only to increase viscosities,
                      in particular at low concentrations of approx. $1\%.$
                      Extended studies and theories on non-spherical particles in
                      simple fluids find a more complicated behavior, but still a
                      steady increase with increasing concentration. Involving
                      platelets in combination with complex fluids – in our case
                      a bicontinuous microemulsion – displays an even more
                      complex scenario that we analyze experimentally and
                      theoretically as a function of platelet diameter using small
                      angle neutron scattering, rheology and the theory of the
                      lubrication effect, to find the underlying concepts. The
                      clay particles effectively form membranes in the medium that
                      itself may have lamellar aligned domains and surfactant
                      films in the case of the microemulsion. The two-stage
                      structure of clay and surfactant membranes explains the
                      findings using the theory of the lubrication effect. This
                      confirms that layered domain structures serve for lowest
                      viscosities. Starting from these findings and transferring
                      the condition for low viscosities to other complex fluids,
                      namely crude oils, even lowered viscosities with respect to
                      the pure crude oil were observed. This strengthens our
                      belief that also here layered domains are formed as well.
                      This apparent contradiction of a viscosity reduction by
                      solid particles could lead to a wider range of applications
                      where low viscosities are desired. The same concepts of
                      two-stage layered structures also explain the observed
                      conditions for extremely enhanced viscosities at particle
                      concentrations of $1\%$ that may be interesting for the food
                      industry.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-1},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {6215 - Soft Matter, Health and Life Sciences (POF3-621) /
                      6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for
                      Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6215 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS1-20140101 / EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS3-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000492635300001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00396-019-04567-6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/866005},
}