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@ARTICLE{Volz:866040,
      author       = {Volz, Lukas and Hamada, Masashi and Michely, Jochen and
                      Pool, Eva‐Maria and Nettekoven, Charlotte and Rothwell,
                      John C. and Grefkes‐Hermann, Christian},
      title        = {{M}odulation of {I}‐wave generating pathways by {TBS}: a
                      model of plasticity induction},
      journal      = {The journal of physiology},
      volume       = {597},
      number       = {24},
      issn         = {1469-7793},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-05286},
      pages        = {5963-5971},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Plasticity‐induction following theta burst transcranial
                      stimulation (TBS) varies considerably across subjects, and
                      the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain poorly
                      understood, representing a challenge for scientific and
                      clinical applications. In human motor cortex (M1),
                      recruitment of indirect waves (I‐waves) can be probed by
                      the excess latency of motor‐evoked potentials elicited by
                      transcranial magnetic stimulation with an
                      anterior–posterior (AP) orientation over the latency of
                      motor‐evoked potentials evoked by direct activation of
                      corticospinal axons using lateromedial (LM) stimulation,
                      referred to as the ‘AP‐LM latency’ difference.
                      Importantly, AP‐LM latency has been shown to predict
                      individual responses to TBS across subjects. We, therefore,
                      hypothesized that the plastic changes in corticospinal
                      excitability induced by TBS are the result, at least in
                      part, of changes in excitability of these same I‐wave
                      generating pathways. In 20 healthy subjects, we investigated
                      whether intermittent TBS (iTBS) modulates I‐wave
                      recruitment as reflected by changes in the AP‐LM latency.
                      As expected, we found that AP‐LM latencies before iTBS
                      were associated with iTBS‐induced excitability changes. A
                      novel finding was that iTBS reduced AP‐LM latency, and
                      that this reduction significantly correlated with changes in
                      cortical excitability observed following iTBS: subjects with
                      larger reductions in AP‐LM latencies featured larger
                      increases in cortical excitability following iTBS. Our
                      findings suggest that plasticity‐induction by iTBS may
                      derive from the modulation of I‐wave generating pathways
                      projecting onto M1, accounting for the predictive potential
                      of I‐wave recruitment. The excitability of I‐wave
                      generating pathways may serve a critical role in modulating
                      motor cortical excitability and hence represent a promising
                      target for novel repetitive transcranial magnetic
                      stimulation protocols.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31647123},
      UT           = {WOS:000495881100001},
      doi          = {10.1113/JP278636},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/866040},
}