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@ARTICLE{Knist:866274,
      author       = {Knist, Sebastian and Goergen, Klaus and Simmer, Clemens},
      title        = {{E}ffects of land surface inhomogeneity on
                      convection-permitting {WRF} simulations over central
                      {E}urope},
      journal      = {Meteorology and atmospheric physics},
      volume       = {132},
      issn         = {1436-5065},
      address      = {Wien [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-05433},
      pages        = {53-69},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {This sensitivity study investigates the impact of the
                      spatial scales of land use, soil moisture and orography
                      patterns on land–atmosphere exchange fluxes, domain-wide
                      averages and meteorologic conditions in
                      convection-permitting RCM simulations. We perform five WRF
                      RCM simulations, each with the same 3 km resolution
                      atmospheric setup but different combinations of coarsely
                      resolved (12 km) land use and soil type, initial soil
                      moisture and orography for the heat-wave summer 2003 over
                      central Europe. Our results indicate that a coarser-resolved
                      orography significantly alters the flow over and around
                      mountain ridges such as the Alps and impact the large-scale
                      flow pattern. The smoothed mountain ridges result in weaker
                      Föhn effects and in enhanced locally generated convective
                      precipitation patterns, peaking earlier in the afternoon. In
                      comparison, the impact of a coarser-resolved land use is
                      smaller and mainly related to changes in the overall spatial
                      fraction of a land use, rather than to the loss of
                      heterogeneity of the different land use types on the scale
                      analyzed here. Albeit, even small changes in the initial
                      soil moisture (both spatial averages and local differences)
                      have a higher potential to affect the overall simulation
                      results, although this might also depend on the land surface
                      model. Overall, effects induced by the coarsely resolved
                      land surface properties are small compared to the di},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000511969900004},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00703-019-00671-y},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/866274},
}