000866582 001__ 866582 000866582 005__ 20210130003530.0 000866582 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1111/nph.15864 000866582 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0028-646X 000866582 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1469-8137 000866582 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:59706035 000866582 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:31004496 000866582 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000477247700001 000866582 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/24770 000866582 037__ $$aFZJ-2019-05665 000866582 041__ $$aEnglish 000866582 082__ $$a580 000866582 1001_ $$00000-0002-7519-2698$$aMunns, Rana$$b0 000866582 245__ $$aEnergy costs of salt tolerance in crop plants 000866582 260__ $$aOxford [u.a.]$$bWiley-Blackwell$$c2020 000866582 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000866582 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000866582 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1580739612_822 000866582 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000866582 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000866582 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000866582 520__ $$aAgriculture is expanding into regions that are affected by salinity. This review considers the energetic costs of salinity tolerance in crop plants and provides a framework for a quantitative assessment of costs. Different sources of energy, and modifications of root system architecture that would maximize water vs ion uptake are addressed. Energy requirements for transport of salt (NaCl) to leaf vacuoles for osmotic adjustment could be small if there are no substantial leaks back across plasma membrane and tonoplast in root and leaf. The coupling ratio of the H+‐ATPase also is a critical component. One proposed leak, that of Na+ influx across the plasma membrane through certain aquaporin channels, might be coupled to water flow, thus conserving energy. For the tonoplast, control of two types of cation channels is required for energy efficiency. Transporters controlling the Na+ and Cl− concentrations in mitochondria and chloroplasts are largely unknown and could be a major energy cost. The complexity of the system will require a sophisticated modelling approach to identify critical transporters, apoplastic barriers and root structures. This modelling approach will inform experimentation and allow a quantitative assessment of the energy costs of NaCl tolerance to guide breeding and engineering of molecular components. 000866582 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582$$a582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)$$cPOF3-582$$fPOF III$$x0 000866582 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef 000866582 7001_ $$00000-0001-7967-2173$$aDay, David A.$$b1 000866582 7001_ $$00000-0002-1514-1389$$aFricke, Wieland$$b2 000866582 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)166460$$aWatt, Michelle$$b3 000866582 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)165155$$aArsova, Borjana$$b4 000866582 7001_ $$00000-0002-4691-8023$$aBarkla, Bronwyn J.$$b5 000866582 7001_ $$00000-0002-0565-2951$$aBose, Jayakumar$$b6 000866582 7001_ $$00000-0001-8549-2873$$aByrt, Caitlin S.$$b7 000866582 7001_ $$00000-0002-7531-320X$$aChen, Zhong‐Hua$$b8 000866582 7001_ $$00000-0003-2651-3915$$aFoster, Kylie J.$$b9 000866582 7001_ $$00000-0003-0666-3078$$aGilliham, Matthew$$b10 000866582 7001_ $$00000-0003-3019-1891$$aHenderson, Sam W.$$b11 000866582 7001_ $$00000-0002-9347-8948$$aJenkins, Colin L. 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