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@ARTICLE{Caglayan:866635,
      author       = {Caglayan, Dilara Gülcin and Weber, Nikolaus and Heinrichs,
                      Heidi and Linssen, Jochen and Robinius, Martin and Kukla,
                      Peter and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{T}echnical {P}otential of {S}alt {C}averns for {H}ydrogen
                      {S}torage in {E}urope},
      journal      = {International journal of hydrogen energy},
      volume       = {45},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {0360-3199},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-05714},
      pages        = {6793 - 6805},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The role of hydrogen in a future energy system with a high
                      share of variable renewable energy sources (VRES) is
                      regarded as crucial in order to balance fluctuations in
                      electricity generation. These fluctuations can be
                      compensated for by flexibility measures such as the
                      expansion of transmission, flexible generation, larger
                      back-up capacity and storage. Salt cavern storage is the
                      most promising technology due to its large storage capacity,
                      followed by pumped hydro storage. For the underground
                      storage of chemical energy carriers such as hydrogen, salt
                      caverns offer the most promising option owing to their low
                      investment cost, high sealing potential and low cushion gas
                      requirement. This paper provides a suitability assessment of
                      European subsurface salt structures in terms of size, land
                      eligibility and storage capacity. Two distinct cavern
                      volumes of 500,000 m3 and 750,000 m3 are considered, with
                      preference being given for salt caverns over bedded salt
                      deposits and salt domes. The storage capacities of
                      individual caverns are estimated on the basis of
                      thermodynamic considerations based on site-specific data.
                      The results are analyzed using three different scenarios:
                      onshore and offshore salt caverns, only onshore salt caverns
                      and only onshore caverns within 50 km of the shore. The
                      overall technical storage potential across Europe is
                      estimated at 84.8 PWhH2, $27\%$ of which constitutes only
                      onshore locations. Furthermore, this capacity decreases to
                      7.3 PWhH2 with a limitation of 50 km distance from shore. In
                      all cases, Germany has the highest technical storage
                      potential, with a value of 9.4 PWhH2, located onshore only
                      in salt domes in the north of the country. Moreover, Norway
                      has 7.5 PWhH2 of storage potential for offshore caverns,
                      which are all located in the subsurface of the North Sea
                      Basin.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134) / ES2050 -
                      Energie Sytem 2050 (ES2050)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134 / G:(DE-HGF)ES2050},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000519652800069},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.12.161},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/866635},
}