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@ARTICLE{Ruuskanen:866757,
      author       = {Ruuskanen, Vesa and Koponen, Joonas and Kosonen, Antti and
                      Hehemann, Michael and Keller, Roger and Ahola, Jero},
      title        = {{P}ower {Q}uality {E}stimation of {W}ater {E}lectrolyzers
                      {B}ased on {C}urrent and {V}oltage {M}easurements},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {450},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-05826},
      pages        = {227603},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The ripple of the supplied direct current has a significant
                      effect on the energy efficiency of the water electrolyzer
                      cell. Hydrogen production is defined by the current mean
                      value, but current harmonics generate additional losses in
                      the electrolyzer cell. However, the direct measurement of
                      the DC current in the kiloampere range may be a challenging
                      task compared with the voltage, which is practically in the
                      range of a few hundreds volts in the electrolyzer stack. The
                      effect of current harmonics on the energy efficiency and the
                      voltage mean and root-mean-square (RMS) values is analyzed
                      analytically based on the measured polarization curve of the
                      PEM electrolyzer cell. The results show that both in the
                      case of a theoretical sinusoidal current ripple and a
                      practical thyristor bridge supply, the voltage mean or RMS
                      values do not give a reliable estimate of the power quality.
                      Instead, the voltage waveform as a function of time or the
                      difference between the current mean and RMS values should be
                      monitored.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000517663800110},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227603},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/866757},
}