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@ARTICLE{Ant:866852,
      author       = {Ant, Jana M. and Niessen, Eva and Achilles, Elisabeth I. S.
                      and Saliger, Jochen and Karbe, Hans and Weiss, Peter H. and
                      Fink, Gereon Rudolf},
      title        = {{A}nodal t{DCS} over left parietal cortex expedites
                      recovery from stroke-induced apraxic imitation deficits: a
                      pilot study},
      journal      = {Neurological research and practice},
      volume       = {1},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2524-3489},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-05912},
      pages        = {38},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {BackgroundTo date, specific therapeutic approaches to
                      expedite recovery from apraxic deficits after left
                      hemisphere (LH) stroke remain sparse. Thus, in this pilot
                      study we evaluated the effect of anodal transcranial direct
                      current stimulation (tDCS) in addition to a standardized
                      motor training on apraxic imitation deficits.MethodsIn a
                      rehabilitation hospital, we assessed apraxic, aphasic, and
                      motor deficits in 30 LH stroke patients before and after a
                      five-day standard programme of motor training combined with
                      either anodal (10 min, 2 mA; n = 14) or sham
                      (10 min, 0 mA, n = 16) tDCS applied in a
                      double-blind fashion over left posterior parietal cortex
                      (PPC). Where appropriate, data were analyzed with either
                      t-test, Fisher’s exact test, or univariate/ repeated
                      measures ANOVA.ResultsCompared to sham tDCS, five sessions
                      of anodal tDCS expedited recovery from apraxic imitation
                      deficits (p < 0.05): Already after 5 days, the anodal
                      tDCS group showed levels of imitation performance that were
                      achieved in the sham tDCS group after 3 months. However, the
                      primary outcome of the study (i.e., anodal tDCS induced
                      improvement of the total apraxia score) failed significance,
                      and there was no significant tDCS effect on apraxia after
                      3 months. Anodal tDCS improved grip force (of the
                      contra-lesional, i.e., right hand), but had no effect on
                      aphasia.ConclusionsData from this pilot study show that
                      repetitive, anodal tDCS over left PPC combined with a
                      standardized motor training expedites recovery from
                      imitation deficits in LH stroke patients with apraxia
                      (relative to sham stimulation). Results suggest that in
                      patients suffering from apraxic imitation deficits a
                      randomized controlled trial (RCT) is warranted that
                      investigates the effects of tDCS applied over PPC in
                      addition to a standardized motor training.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33324903},
      UT           = {WOS:001045148200001},
      doi          = {10.1186/s42466-019-0042-0},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/866852},
}