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@ARTICLE{Lewerenz:866898,
      author       = {Lewerenz, Meinert and Warnecke, Alexander and Sauer, Dirk
                      Uwe},
      title        = {{P}ost-mortem analysis on {L}i{F}e{PO} 4 |{G}raphite cells
                      describing the evolution $\&$ composition of covering layer
                      on anode and their impact on cell performance},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {369},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-05958},
      pages        = {122 - 132},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {During cyclic aging of lithium-ion batteries the formation
                      of a μm-thick covering layer on top of the anode facing the
                      separator is found on top of the anode. In this work several
                      post-mortem analyses of cyclic aged cylindrical LFP|Graphite
                      cells are evaluated to give a detailed characterization of
                      the covering layer and to find possible causes for the
                      evolution of such a layer. The analyses of the layer with
                      different methods return that it consists to high percentage
                      of plated active lithium, deposited Fe and products of a
                      solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The deposition is
                      located mainly in the center of the cell symmetrical to the
                      coating direction. The origin of these depositions is
                      assumed in locally overcharged particles, Fe deposition or
                      inhomogeneous distribution of capacity density. As a
                      secondary effect the deposition on one side increases the
                      thickness locally; thereafter a pressure-induced
                      overcharging due to charge agglomeration of the back side of
                      the anode occurs. Finally a compact and dense covering layer
                      in a late state of aging leads to deactivation of the
                      covered parts of the anode and cathode due to suppressed
                      lithium-ion conductivity. This leads to increasing slope of
                      capacity fade and increase of internal resistance.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000413799900015},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.003},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/866898},
}