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@ARTICLE{Lewerenz:866899,
      author       = {Lewerenz, Meinert and Marongiu, Andrea and Warnecke,
                      Alexander and Sauer, Dirk Uwe},
      title        = {{D}ifferential voltage analysis as a tool for analyzing
                      inhomogeneous aging: {A} case study for
                      {L}i{F}e{PO}4|{G}raphite cylindrical cells},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {368},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-05959},
      pages        = {57 - 67},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {In this work the differential voltage analysis (DVA) is
                      evaluated for LiFePO4|Graphite cylindrical cells aged in
                      calendaric and cyclic tests. The homogeneity of the active
                      lithium distribution and the loss of anode active material
                      (LAAM) are measured by the characteristic shape and peaks of
                      the DVA. The results from this analysis exhibit an
                      increasing homogeneity of the lithium-ion distribution
                      during aging for all cells subjected to calendaric aging. At
                      60 °C, LAAM is found additionally and can be associated
                      with the deposition of dissolved Fe from the cathode on the
                      anode, where it finally leads to the clogging of pores. For
                      cells aged under cyclic conditions, several phenomena are
                      correlated to degradation, such as loss of active lithium
                      and local LAAM for $100\%$ DOD. Moreover, the deactivation
                      of certain parts of anode and cathode due to a
                      lithium-impermeable covering layer on top of the anode is
                      observed for some cells. While the $100\%$ DOD cycling is
                      featured by a continuous LAAM, the LAAM due to deactivation
                      by a covering layer of both electrodes starts suddenly. The
                      homogeneity of the active lithium distribution within the
                      cycled cells is successively reduced with deposited
                      passivation layers and with LAAM that is lost locally at
                      positions with lower external pressure on the electrode.},
      cin          = {IEK-12 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000413799800007},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.09.059},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/866899},
}