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@ARTICLE{Schrder:867526,
      author       = {Schröder, Franka and Lintermann, Andreas and Klaas,
                      Michael and Schröder, Wolfgang},
      title        = {{E}xperimental and {N}umerical {I}nvestigation of the
                      {T}hreedimensional {F}low at {E}xpiration in the {U}pper
                      {H}uman {A}irways},
      journal      = {Journal of fluids engineering},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0021-9223},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {ASME},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-06149},
      pages        = {9-28},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {This study presents a comparison of numerical and
                      experimental results of the steady flow field in the left
                      main-bronchus of the upper human airways during exhalation.
                      Stereo-particle-image velocimetry measurements were
                      performed in multiple parallel measurement planes for a
                      Reynolds number of $Re_D$ = 700 based on the hydraulic
                      diameter of the trachea to determine the highly
                      three-dimensional flow in a realistic transparent silicone
                      lung model. The numerical analysis is based on a
                      Lattice-Boltzmann method. The results for the absolute
                      velocity and the out-of-plane velocity component show a good
                      agreement and emphasize the three-dimensionality of the
                      flow. Two fluid jets, originating from two principal
                      sub-bronchi, predominate the flow in the investigated
                      bronchus. The vortical structures consisting of two pairs of
                      counterrotating vortices are not generated by the curvature
                      of the main-bronchus or the sub-bronchi but are caused by
                      the merging of the flows and the redirection of the jets.
                      Further downstream in the bronchus, the secondary flow
                      structures vanish in the streamwise direction such that no
                      spiral-like flow enters the trachea.},
      ddc          = {620},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/867526},
}