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@ARTICLE{Schuldes:867579,
      author       = {Schuldes, Isabel and Noll, Dennis M. and Schindler, Torben
                      and Zech, Tobias and Götz, Klaus and Appavou, Marie-Sousai
                      and Boesecke, Peter and Steiniger, Frank and Schulz, Peter
                      S. and Unruh, Tobias},
      title        = {{I}nternal {S}tructure of {N}anometer-{S}ized {D}roplets
                      {P}repared by {A}ntisolvent {P}recipitation},
      journal      = {Langmuir},
      volume       = {35},
      number       = {42},
      issn         = {1520-5827},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-06202},
      pages        = {13578 - 13587},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Antisolvent precipitation (AP) is a low-cost and
                      less-invasive preparation alternative for organic
                      nanoparticles compared to top-down methods such as
                      high-pressure homogenization or milling. Here we report on
                      particularly small organic nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by
                      AP. It has been found for various materials that these NPs
                      in their liquid state exhibit a significant degree of
                      molecular order at their interface toward the dispersion
                      medium including ubiquinones (coenzyme Q10), triglycerides
                      (trimyristin, tripalmitin), and alkanes (tetracosane). This
                      finding is independent of the use of a stabilizer in the
                      formulation. While this is obviously a quite general
                      interfacial structuring effect, the respective structural
                      details of specific NPs systems might differ. Here, a
                      detailed structural characterization of very small liquid
                      coenzyme Q10 (Q10) NPs is presented as a particular example
                      for this phenomenon. The Q10 NPs have been prepared by AP in
                      the presence of two different stabilizers, sodium dodecyl
                      sulfate (SDS) and pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether
                      (C12E5), respectively, and without any stabilizer. The
                      NPs’ size is initially analyzed by photon correlation
                      spectroscopy (PCS). The SDS-stabilized Q10 NPs have been
                      studied further by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
                      small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS, SANS),
                      wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and cryogenic
                      transmission electron microscopy (CryoTEM). A simultaneous
                      analysis of SAXS and contrast variation SANS studies
                      revealed the molecular arrangement within the interface
                      between the NPs and the dispersion medium. The Q10 NPs
                      stabilized by SDS and C12E5, respectively, are small (down
                      to 19.9 nm) and stable (for at least 16 months) even when no
                      stabilizer is used. The SDS-stabilized Q10 NPs reported
                      here, are therewith, to the best of our knowledge, the
                      smallest organic NPs which have been reported to be prepared
                      by AP so far. In particular, these NPs exhibit a
                      core–shell structure consisting of an amorphous Q10 core
                      and a surrounding shell, which is mainly composed of
                      oriented Q10 molecules and aligned SDS molecules. This
                      structure suggests a significant amphiphilic behavior and a
                      rather unexpected stabilizing role of Q10 molecules.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-1 / MLZ},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106 / I:(DE-588b)4597118-3},
      pnm          = {6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)
                      / 6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS1-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31547660},
      UT           = {WOS:000492800800008},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00944},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/867579},
}