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@ARTICLE{Vayyala:867590,
      author       = {Vayyala, A. and Povstugar, I. and Galiullin, T. and
                      Naumenko, D. and Quadakkers, W. J. and Hattendorf, H. and
                      Mayer, J.},
      title        = {{E}ffect of {N}b {A}ddition on {O}xidation {M}echanisms of
                      {H}igh {C}r {F}erritic {S}teel in {A}r–{H}2–{H}2{O}},
      journal      = {Oxidation of metals},
      volume       = {92},
      number       = {5-6},
      issn         = {1573-4889},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-06211},
      pages        = {471 - 491},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {High chromium ferritic steels are being used as
                      construction materials for interconnects in solid oxide
                      electrolysis cells (SOEC). Addition of niobium in the range
                      of a few tenths of a percent is suitable for increasing the
                      high-temperature creep strength of this type of ferritic
                      steel. In the present work, the high-temperature isothermal
                      oxidation behavior of a niobium containing ferritic steel at
                      800 °C was investigated in $Ar–4\%H2–4\%H2O$ gas
                      simulating the service environment in an SOEC (cathode side)
                      and compared with that of a Nb-free counterpart alloy.
                      Gravimetric data were correlated with the results from
                      microstructural analyses using, among others, scanning and
                      transmission electron microscopy as well as glow discharge
                      optical emission spectroscopy. Atom probe tomography was
                      used for obtaining atomic-scale insight into the segregation
                      processes in external oxides and their interfaces. The
                      oxidation rate was substantially higher for the
                      Nb-containing than for the Nb-free alloy. Both alloys formed
                      double-layered oxide scales consisting of inner chromia and
                      outer MnCr2O4 spinel. Additionally, a thin layer of
                      rutile-type Nb(Ti,Cr)O2 oxide of 200–300 nm thickness was
                      observed at the scale–alloy interface in the Nb-containing
                      steel. Nb addition to the alloy led to its segregation at
                      chromia grain boundaries which affected the diffusion of Cr
                      and other solute species such as Ti, Mn and Si.},
      cin          = {IEK-2 / ER-C-2 / ZEA-3},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-2-20170209 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000493610300006},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11085-019-09933-x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/867590},
}