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@ARTICLE{Heinrichs:867628,
      author       = {Heinrichs, Bert and Eickhoff, Simon},
      title        = {{Y}our evidence? {M}achine learning algorithms for medical
                      diagnosis and prediction},
      journal      = {Human brain mapping},
      volume       = {41},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1065-9471},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-06249},
      pages        = {1435-1444},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Computer systems for medical diagnosis based on machine
                      learning are not mere science fiction. Despite undisputed
                      potential benefits, such systems may also raise problems.
                      Two (interconnected) issues are particularly significant
                      from an ethical point of view: The first issue is that
                      epistemic opacity is at odds with a common desire for
                      understanding and potentially undermines information rights.
                      The second (related) issue concerns the assignment of
                      responsibility in cases of failure. The core of the two
                      issues seems to be that understanding and responsibility are
                      concepts that are intrinsically tied to the discursive
                      practice of giving and asking for reasons. The challenge is
                      to find ways to make the outcomes of machine learning
                      algorithms compatible with our discursive practice. This
                      comes down to the claim that we should try to integrate
                      discursive elements into machine learning algorithms. Under
                      the title of "explainable AI" initiatives heading in this
                      direction are already under way. Extensive research in this
                      field is needed for finding adequate solutions.},
      cin          = {INM-8 / INM-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-8-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {574 - Theory, modelling and simulation (POF3-574)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-574},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31804003},
      UT           = {WOS:000500594000001},
      doi          = {10.1002/hbm.24886},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/867628},
}