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@ARTICLE{Broska:867644,
      author       = {Broska, Lisa Hanna and Poganietz, Witold-Roger and Vögele,
                      Stefan},
      title        = {{E}xtreme events defined—{A} conceptual discussion
                      applying a complex systems approach},
      journal      = {Futures},
      volume       = {115},
      issn         = {0016-3287},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-06265},
      pages        = {102490 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {‘Extreme event’, a term today most commonly understood
                      and used in relation to extreme weather phenomena and
                      experiencing an upsurge in its usage due to their increased
                      frequency caused by climate change, is applied in a variety
                      of scientific disciplines. Its multitude of users
                      understands and defines the term differently. However,
                      consistency in language is vital to eradicate confusion,
                      support the transfer of knowledge from one field to another,
                      and make results from different disciplines comparable.
                      Therefore, this work gives an in-depth discussion of the
                      various aspects of relevance, ultimately proposing a
                      comprehensive, systems-based definition of the term.Novel to
                      this definition is the complex systems approach, utilized
                      throughout to allow the definition to be applied for both
                      macrolevel and microlevel occurrences and across various
                      disciplines. In contrast to most authors who separate
                      incident and impacts and use either the former or the latter
                      in definitions of extreme events, it is shown that a
                      disruption to a system or systems is prerequisite. Only by
                      applying this perspective can interdisciplinary research be
                      successfully conducted on extreme events. This and other
                      central aspects come particularly to light in a case study
                      of the 2006 European Blackout, on which the meta-definition
                      is tried.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {320},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000509790300009},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.futures.2019.102490},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/867644},
}