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@ARTICLE{Dong:867777,
      author       = {Dong, Z. H. and Sergeev, D. and Kobertz, D. and D’Souza,
                      N. and Feng, S. and Müller, Michael and Dong, H. B.},
      title        = {{V}aporization of {N}i, {A}l and {C}r in {N}i-{B}ase
                      {A}lloys and {I}ts {I}nfluence on {S}urface {D}efect
                      {F}ormation {D}uring {M}anufacturing of {S}ingle-{C}rystal
                      {C}omponents},
      journal      = {Metallurgical and materials transactions / A Physical
                      metallurgy and materials science A},
      volume       = {51},
      issn         = {1543-1940},
      address      = {Boston},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-06387},
      pages        = {309-322},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Vaporization and its associated surface defect formation
                      have become one of the most important challenges in
                      manufacturing single-crystal components. During the
                      kinetic-influenced casting and solution heat treatment of
                      Ni-base superalloys, elements undergo processes of
                      vaporization and deposition causing unpredictable defects.
                      To quantitatively examine the vaporization phenomenon,
                      partial vapor pressures of Ni, Al and Cr in Ni-base alloys
                      were measured in the γ phase over the temperature range of
                      1473 K to 1650 K using Knudsen effusion mass
                      spectrometry. Experimental results showed that the partial
                      pressure of Al is about two orders of magnitude lower than
                      that of Ni and five times lower than that of Cr, revealing
                      that the vaporization of Al is almost negligible compared
                      with those of Ni and Cr at solution heat treatment
                      temperatures. Variation of partial pressures during
                      homogenization of the as-cast Ni-base alloys was measured in
                      long-term isothermal experiments at 1573 K. It was found
                      that Cr vapor pressure decreases by a factor of two in the
                      first 20 hours whereas the Ni and Al remain nearly
                      constant.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000490629000001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11661-019-05498-1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/867777},
}