% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Fischer:868095,
      author       = {Fischer, Horst and Axinte, Raoul and Bozem, Heiko and
                      Crowley, John N. and Ernest, Cheryl and Gilge, Stefan and
                      Hafermann, Sascha and Harder, Hartwig and Hens, Korbinian
                      and Janssen, Ruud H. H. and Königstedt, Rainer and
                      Kubistin, Dagmar and Mallik, Chinmay and Martinez, Monica
                      and Novelli, Anna and Parchatka, Uwe and Plass-Dülmer,
                      Christian and Pozzer, Andrea and Regelin, Eric and Reiffs,
                      Andreas and Schmidt, Torsten and Schuladen, Jan and
                      Lelieveld, Jos},
      title        = {{D}iurnal variability, photochemical production and loss
                      processes of hydrogen peroxide in the boundary layer over
                      {E}urope},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {19},
      number       = {18},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-06686},
      pages        = {11953 - 11968},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a significant role in the
                      oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. It is an efficient
                      oxidant in the liquid phase and serves as a temporary
                      reservoir for the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most important
                      oxidizing agent in the gas phase. Due to its high
                      solubility, removal of H2O2 due to wet and dry deposition is
                      efficient, being a sink of HOx (OH+HO2) radicals. In the
                      continental boundary layer, the H2O2 budget is controlled by
                      photochemistry, transport and deposition processes. Here we
                      use in situ observations of H2O2 and account for chemical
                      source and removal mechanisms to study the interplay between
                      these processes. The data were obtained during five
                      ground-based field campaigns across Europe from 2008 to 2014
                      and bring together observations in a boreal forest, two
                      mountainous sites in Germany, and coastal sites in Spain and
                      Cyprus. Most campaigns took place in the summer, while the
                      measurements in the south-west of Spain took place in early
                      winter. Diel variations in H2O2 are strongly site-dependent
                      and indicate a significant altitude dependence. While
                      boundary-layer mixing ratios of H2O2 at low-level sites show
                      classical diel cycles with the lowest values in the early
                      morning and maxima around local noon, diel profiles are
                      reversed on mountainous sites due to transport from the
                      nocturnal residual layer and the free troposphere. The
                      concentration of hydrogen peroxide is largely governed by
                      its main precursor, the hydroperoxy radical (HO2), and shows
                      significant anti-correlation with nitrogen oxides (NOx) that
                      remove HO2. A budget calculation indicates that in all
                      campaigns, the noontime photochemical production rate
                      through the self-reaction of HO2 radicals was much larger
                      than photochemical loss due to reaction with OH and
                      photolysis, and that dry deposition is the dominant loss
                      mechanism. Estimated dry deposition velocities varied
                      between approximately 1 and 6 cm s−1, with relatively
                      high values observed during the day in forested regions,
                      indicating enhanced uptake of H2O2 by vegetation. In order
                      to reproduce the change in H2O2 mixing ratios between
                      sunrise and midday, a variable contribution from transport
                      $(10 \%–100 \%)$ is required to balance net
                      photochemical production and deposition loss. Transport is
                      most likely related to entrainment from the residual layer
                      above the nocturnal boundary layer during the growth of the
                      boundary layer in the morning.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000488022200003},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-19-11953-2019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/868095},
}