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@ARTICLE{Saarikoski:868114,
      author       = {Saarikoski, Sanna and Williams, Leah R. and Spielman,
                      Steven R. and Lewis, Gregory S. and Eiguren-Fernandez,
                      Arantzazu and Aurela, Minna and Hering, Susanne V. and
                      Teinilä, Kimmo and Croteau, Philip and Jayne, John T. and
                      Hohaus, Thorsten and Worsnop, Douglas R. and Timonen,
                      Hilkka},
      title        = {{L}aboratory and field evaluation of the {A}erosol
                      {D}ynamics {I}nc. concentrator ({ADI}c) for aerosol mass
                      spectrometry},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1867-8548},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-06701},
      pages        = {3907 - 3920},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {An air-to-air ultrafine particle concentrator (Aerosol
                      Dynamics Inc. concentrator; ADIc) has been designed to
                      enhance online chemical characterization of ambient aerosols
                      using aerosol mass spectrometry. The ADIc employs a
                      three-stage, moderated water-based condensation growth tube
                      coupled to an aerodynamic focusing nozzle to concentrate
                      fine particles into a portion of the flow. The system can be
                      configured to sample between 1.0 and 1.7 L min−1, with
                      an output concentrated flow between 0.08 and
                      0.12 L min−1, resulting in a theoretical concentration
                      factor (sample flow / output flow) ranging from 8 to 21.
                      Laboratory tests with monodisperse particles show that the
                      ADIc is effective for particles as small as 10 nm.
                      Laboratory experiments conducted with the Aerosol Mass
                      Spectrometer (AMS) showed no shift in the particle size with
                      the ADIc, as measured by the AMS particle time-of-flight
                      operation. The ADIc-AMS system was operated unattended over
                      a 1-month period near Boston, Massachusetts. Comparison to a
                      parallel AMS without the concentrator showed concentration
                      factors of 9.7±0.15 and 9.1±0.1 for sulfate and nitrate,
                      respectively, when operated with a theoretical concentration
                      factor of 10.5±0.3. The concentration factor of organics
                      was lower, possibly due to the presence of large particles
                      from nearby road-paving operations and a difference in
                      aerodynamic lens cutoff between the two AMS instruments.
                      Another field deployment was carried out in Helsinki,
                      Finland. Two ∼10 d measurement periods showed good
                      correlation for the concentrations of organics, sulfate,
                      nitrate and ammonium measured with an Aerosol Chemical
                      Speciation Monitor (ACSM) with the ADIc and a parallel AMS
                      without the concentrator. Additional experiments with an AMS
                      alternating between the ADIc and a bypass line demonstrated
                      that the concentrator did not significantly change the size
                      distribution or the chemistry of the ambient aerosol
                      particles.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000475618100001},
      doi          = {10.5194/amt-12-3907-2019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/868114},
}