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@ARTICLE{Yan:868421,
      author       = {Yan, Xiaolu and Konopka, Paul and Ploeger, Felix and
                      Podglajen, Aurelien and Wright, Jonathon S. and Müller,
                      Rolf and Riese, Martin},
      title        = {{T}he efficiency of transport into the stratosphere via the
                      {A}sian and {N}orth {A}merican summer monsoon circulations},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {19},
      number       = {24},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-00024},
      pages        = {15629 - 15649},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Transport of pollutants into the stratosphere via the Asian
                      summer monsoon (ASM) or North American summer monsoon (NASM)
                      may affect the atmospheric composition and climate both
                      locally and globally. We identify and study the robust
                      characteristics of transport from the ASM and NASM regions
                      to the stratosphere using the Lagrangian chemistry transport
                      model CLaMS driven by both the ERA-Interim and MERRA-2
                      reanalyses. In particular, we quantify the relative
                      influences of the ASM and NASM on stratospheric composition
                      and investigate the transport pathways and efficiencies of
                      transport of air masses originating at different altitudes
                      in these two monsoon regions to the stratosphere. We release
                      artificial tracers in several vertical layers from the
                      middle troposphere to the lower stratosphere in both ASM and
                      NASM source regions during July and August 2010–2013 and
                      track their evolution until the following summer. We find
                      that more air mass is transported from the ASM and NASM
                      regions to the tropical stratosphere, and even to the
                      southern hemispheric stratosphere, when the tracers are
                      released clearly below the tropopause (350–360 K) than
                      when they are released close to the tropopause
                      (370–380 K). For tracers released close to the
                      tropopause (370–380 K), transport is primarily into the
                      northern hemispheric lower stratosphere. Results for
                      different vertical layers of air origin reveal two transport
                      pathways from the upper troposphere over the ASM and NASM
                      regions to the tropical pipe: (i) quasi-horizontal transport
                      to the tropics below the tropopause followed by ascent to
                      the stratosphere via tropical upwelling, and (ii) ascent
                      into the stratosphere inside the ASM/NASM followed by
                      quasi-horizontal transport to the tropical lower
                      stratosphere and further to the tropical pipe. Overall, the
                      tropical pathway (i) is faster than the monsoon pathway
                      (ii), particularly in the ascending branch. The abundance of
                      air in the tropical pipe that originates in the ASM upper
                      troposphere (350–360 K) is comparable to the abundance
                      of air ascending directly from the tropics to the tropical
                      pipe 10 months after (the following early summer) the
                      release of the source tracers. The air mass contributions
                      from the ASM to the tropical pipe are about 3 times larger
                      than the corresponding contributions from the NASM. The
                      transport efficiency into the tropical pipe, the air mass
                      fraction inside this destination region normalized by the
                      mass of the domain of origin, is greatest from the ASM
                      region at 370–380 K. Although the contribution from the
                      NASM to the stratosphere is less than that from either the
                      ASM or the tropics, the transport efficiency from the NASM
                      is comparable to that from the tropics.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000504010900003},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-19-15629-2019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/868421},
}