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@ARTICLE{Sick:872532,
      author       = {Sick, Nathalie and Bröring, Stefanie and Figgemeier,
                      Egbert},
      title        = {{S}tart-ups as technology life cycle indicator for the
                      early stage of application: {A}n analysis of the battery
                      value chain},
      journal      = {Journal of cleaner production},
      volume       = {201},
      issn         = {0959-6526},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-00052},
      pages        = {325 - 333},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Insights from battery research and development $(R\&D)$
                      need to be transferred into industrial application to create
                      innovations and thus foster e.g. electro mobility. In terms
                      of battery technology transfer, the early phase of
                      application is particularly challenging due to the close
                      intertwining between $R\&D$ and application. Therefore, the
                      present study introduces start-ups as an additional
                      indicator to capture the transition from science to industry
                      within the technology life cycle. The findings show that
                      despite highly dynamic $R\&D$ activities, technology
                      transfer is only taking place on a very limited level.
                      Surprisingly, start-ups focus on incremental improvements of
                      existing technologies instead of introducing radical
                      breakthrough-technologies. An analysis of the battery value
                      chain reveals that opportunities for start-ups are rather
                      located downstream in the value chain when integrating cells
                      to battery systems and developing applications relying on
                      innovative battery technologies. The findings contribute to
                      the area of technology life cycle analysis explicitly using
                      start-up companies as additional indicator for the critical
                      transfer step from $R\&D$ to application. In a similar vein,
                      technology forecasting literature, which is to date mainly
                      focused on $R\&D,$ is expanded by a more application-centred
                      perspective that allows identifying transfer opportunities
                      along the technology value chain.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {330},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000445981200028},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.036},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/872532},
}