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@ARTICLE{Kaiser:872540,
      author       = {Kaiser, Franz and Strake, Julius and Witthaut, Dirk},
      title        = {{C}ollective effects of link failures in linear flow
                      networks},
      journal      = {New journal of physics},
      volume       = {22},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1367-2630},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {IOP73379},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-00058},
      pages        = {013053},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The reliable operation of supply networks is crucial for
                      the proper functioning of many systems, ranging from
                      biological organisms such as the human blood transport
                      system or plant leaves to man-made systems such as power
                      grids or gas pipelines. Whereas the failure of single
                      transportation links has been analysed thoroughly, the
                      understanding of multiple failures is becoming increasingly
                      important to prevent large scale damages. In this
                      publication, we examine the collective nature of the
                      simultaneous failure of several transportation links. In
                      particular, we focus on the difference between single link
                      failures and the collective failure of several links. We
                      demonstrate that collective effects can amplify or attenuate
                      the impacts of multiple link failures - and even lead to a
                      reversal of flows on certain links. A simple classifier is
                      introduced to predict the overall strength of collective
                      effects that we demonstrate to be generally stronger if the
                      failing links are close to each other. Finally, we establish
                      an analogy between link failures in supply networks and
                      dipole fields in discrete electrostatics by showing that
                      multiple failures may be treated as superpositions of
                      multiple electrical dipoles for lattice-like networks. Our
                      results show that the simultaneous failure of multiple links
                      may lead to unexpected effects that cannot be easily
                      described using the theoretical framework for single link
                      failures.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153) / ES2050 -
                      Energie Sytem 2050 (ES2050) / VH-NG-1025 - Helmholtz Young
                      Investigators Group "Efficiency, Emergence and Economics of
                      future supply networks" $(VH-NG-1025_20112014)$ / CoNDyNet 2
                      - Kollektive Nichtlineare Dynamik Komplexer Stromnetze
                      (BMBF-03EK3055B)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153 / G:(DE-HGF)ES2050 /
                      $G:(HGF)VH-NG-1025_20112014$ / G:(DE-JUEL1)BMBF-03EK3055B},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000510707200001},
      doi          = {10.1088/1367-2630/ab6793},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/872540},
}