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@ARTICLE{Riwar:872614,
      author       = {Riwar, Roman},
      title        = {{F}ractional charges in conventional sequential electron
                      tunneling},
      journal      = {Physical review / B},
      volume       = {100},
      number       = {24},
      issn         = {2469-9950},
      address      = {Woodbury, NY},
      publisher    = {Inst.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-00107},
      pages        = {245416},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The notion of fractional charges was up until now reserved
                      for quasiparticle excitations emerging in strongly
                      correlated quantum systems, such as Laughlin states in the
                      fractional quantum Hall effect, Luttinger quasiparticles, or
                      parafermions. Here, the author consider topological
                      transitions in the full counting statistics of standard
                      sequential electron tunneling and find that they lead to
                      charge fractionalization—strikingly without requiring
                      exotic quantum correlations. This conclusion relies on the
                      realization that fundamental integer charge quantization
                      fixes the global properties of the transport statistics,
                      whereas fractional charges can only be well-defined locally.
                      We then show that the reconciliation of these two
                      contradicting notions results in a nontrivially quantized
                      geometric phase defined in the detector space. In doing so,
                      we show that detector degrees of freedom can be used to
                      describe topological transitions in nonequilibrium open
                      quantum systems. Moreover, the quantized geometric phase
                      reveals a profound analogy between the fractional charge
                      effect in sequential tunneling and the fractional Josephson
                      effect in topological superconducting junctions, where
                      likewise the Majorana- or parafermions exhibit a charge
                      which is at odds with the Cooper pair charge as the
                      underlying unit of the supercurrent. To provide means for an
                      experimental verification of our claims, we discuss highly
                      feasible transport models, such as weakly tunnel-coupled
                      quantum dots or charge islands. We show that the geometric
                      phase can be accessed through the detector's waiting-time
                      distribution. Finally, we find that topological transitions
                      in the transport statistics could even lead to new
                      applications, such as the unexpected possibility to directly
                      measure features beyond the resolution limit of a detector.},
      cin          = {PGI-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-2-20110106},
      pnm          = {144 - Controlling Collective States (POF3-144)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-144},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000502786500010},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevB.100.245416},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/872614},
}