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@ARTICLE{Niroumand:872919,
      author       = {Niroumand, Amir M. and Homayouni, Hooman and Goransson,
                      Gert and Olfert, Mark and Eikerling, Michael},
      title        = {{I}n-situ diagnostic tools for hydrogen transfer leak
                      characterization in {PEM} fuel cell stacks part {III}:
                      {M}anufacturing applications},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {448},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-00384},
      pages        = {227359 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {This work describes a novel diagnostic technique for
                      detection and isolation of manufacturing defects in polymer
                      electrolyte fuel cell stacks. Two of the main causes of
                      early stack failure are membrane pinholes and electric
                      shorts. Membrane pinholes result in the local hydrogen
                      crossover from anode to cathode, which reduces fuel
                      utilization. With the growth of the pinhole, the crossed
                      over hydrogen exits the cathode as hydrogen emission. When
                      this emission passes the safe lower explosion limit of $4\%$
                      hydrogen in air, the stack reaches its end of life (EOL).
                      Alternatively, a low resistive point between the anode and
                      cathode results in current flow through the contact point
                      and local heat generation. This could burn the membrane and
                      result in EOL of the fuel cell stack. A diagnostic technique
                      is proposed to detect cells in which membrane pinholes or
                      electric short occur. The technique allows both failure
                      mechanisms to be isolated by means of a straightforward
                      algorithm. The detection of the failure can be used as a
                      pass/fail criterion during fuel cell stack manufacturing,
                      whereas the isolation of the failure modes can be used to
                      inform suitable repair procedures to be performed on the
                      failed stacks.},
      cin          = {IEK-13},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-13-20190226},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000509632300047},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227359},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/872919},
}