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@ARTICLE{Li:872925,
      author       = {Li, Weihan and Wang, Zhiqiang and Zhao, Feipeng and Li,
                      Minsi and Gao, Xuejie and Zhao, Yang and Wang, Jian and
                      Zhou, Jigang and Hu, Yongfeng and Xiao, Qunfeng and Cui,
                      Xiaoyu and Eslamibidgoli, Mohammad Javad and Eikerling,
                      Michael. H. and Li, Ruying and Brandys, Frank and
                      Divigalpitiya, Ranjith and Sham, Tsun-Kong and Sun,
                      Xueliang},
      title        = {{P}hosphorene {D}egradation: {V}isualization and
                      {Q}uantification of {N}anoscale {P}hase {E}volution by
                      {S}canning {T}ransmission {X}-ray {M}icroscopy},
      journal      = {Chemistry of materials},
      volume       = {32},
      issn         = {1520-5002},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-00390},
      pages        = {1272-1280},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Phosphorene, single- or few-layered black phosphorus, has
                      been rediscovered as a promising two-dimensional material
                      owing to its unique optical, thermal, and electrical
                      properties with potential applications in optoelectronics,
                      nanoelectronics, and energy storage. However, rapid
                      degradation under ambient condition highly limits the
                      practical applications of phosphorene. Solving the
                      degradation problem demands an understanding of the
                      oxidization process. We, for the first time, apply
                      synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),
                      X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), and scanning
                      transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) for the nanoscale
                      chemical imaging of phosphorene degradation. Through these
                      methods, we have identified chemical details of the
                      morphological effect and clarified thickness and proximity
                      effects, which control the oxidization process. Furthermore,
                      the entire oxidization process of phosphorene has also been
                      studied by in situ XPS and XANES, showing the step-by-step
                      oxidization process under the ambient condition. Theoretical
                      calculations at the density functional theory level support
                      experimental findings. This detailed study provides a better
                      understanding of phosphorene degradation and is valuable for
                      the development of phosphorene-based materials.},
      cin          = {IEK-13},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-13-20190226},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000513299400032},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b04811},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/872925},
}