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000873116 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCosta-Surós, Montserrat$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000873116 245__ $$aDetection and attribution of aerosol-cloud interactions in large-domain large-eddy simulations with ICON
000873116 260__ $$c2019
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000873116 520__ $$a<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Clouds and aerosols contribute the largest uncertainty to current estimates and interpretations of the Earth&#8217;s changing energy budget. Here we use a new-generation large-domain large-eddy model, ICON-LEM, to simulate the response of clouds to realistic anthropogenic perturbations in aerosols serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The novelty compared to previous studies is that (i) the LEM is run in weather prediction mode and with fully interactive land surface over a large domain, and (ii) a large range of data from various sources are used for the detection and attribution. The aerosol perturbation was chosen as peak-aerosol conditions over Europe in 1985, with more than five-fold more sulfate than in 2013. Observational data from various satellite and ground-based remote sensing instruments are used aiming at a detection and attribution of this response. The simulation was run for a selected day (2 May 2013) in which over the selected domain of central Europe a large variety of cloud regimes was present.</p><p> It first is demonstrated, using satellite aerosol optical depth retrievals available for both 1985 and 2013, that the aerosol fields for the reference conditions and also for the perturbed ones, as well as the difference between the two, were consistent in the model and the satellite retrievals. In comparison to retrievals from ground-based lidar for 2013, CCN profiles for the reference conditions were consistent with the observations, while the ones for the 1985 conditions were not.</p><p> Similarly, detection-and-attribution was successful for droplet number concentrations: the ones simulated for the 2013 conditions were consistent with satellite as well as new ground-based lidar retrievals, while the ones for the 1985 conditions were outside the observational range.</p><p> For other cloud quantities, including cloud fraction, liquid water path, cloud-base altitude, and cloud lifetime, the aerosol response was small compared to their natural variability. Also, large uncertainties in satellite and ground-based observations make the detection-attribution difficult for these quantities. An exception to this is the fact that at large liquid water path, the control simulation matches the observations, while the perturbed one shows too large LWP.</p><p> The model simulations allowed to quantify the radiative forcing due to aerosol-cloud interactions, as well as the adjustments to this forcing. The latter were small compared to the variability and showed overall a small positive radiative effect. The overall effective radiative forcing (ERF) due to aerosol-cloud interactions (ERFaci) in the simulation was dominated thus by the Twomey effect and yielded for this day, region, and aerosol perturbation &#8722;2.6 W&#8201;m<sup>-2</sup>. Using general circulation models to scale this to a global-mean present-day vs. pre-industrial ERFaci yields a global ERFaci of &#8722;0.8&#8201;W&#8201;m<sup>-2</sup>.</p>
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000873116 536__ $$0G:(DE-Juel1)jjsc20_20171101$$aPerformance Analysis and Simulations for the Project HD(CP)^2 (jjsc20_20171101)$$cjjsc20_20171101$$fPerformance Analysis and Simulations for the Project HD(CP)^2$$x1
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000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSourdeval, Odran$$b1
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAcquistapace, Claudia$$b2
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBaars, Holger$$b3
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCarbajal Henken, Cintia$$b4
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGenz, Christa$$b5
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHesemann, Jonas$$b6
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJimenez, Cristofer$$b7
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKönig, Marcel$$b8
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKretzschmar, Jan$$b9
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMadenach, Nils$$b10
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)156465$$aMeyer, Catrin I.$$b11
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchrödner, Roland$$b12
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSeifert, Patric$$b13
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSenf, Fabian$$b14
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBrueck, Matthias$$b15
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCioni, Guido$$b16
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aEngels, Jan Frederik$$b17
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFieg, Kerstin$$b18
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGorges, Ksenia$$b19
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHeinze, Rieke$$b20
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSiligam, Pavan Kumar$$b21
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBurkhardt, Ulrike$$b22
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCrewell, Susanne$$b23
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHoose, Corinna$$b24
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSeifert, Axel$$b25
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTegen, Ina$$b26
000873116 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aQuaas, Johannes$$b27
000873116 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2069857-4$$a10.5194/acp-2019-850$$p29$$tAtmospheric chemistry and physics / Discussions$$v $$x1680-7367$$y2019
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