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@ARTICLE{Geoerg:873749,
      author       = {Geoerg, Paul and Schumann, Jette and Holl, Stefan and
                      Boltes, Maik and Hofmann, Anja},
      title        = {{T}he influence of individual impairments in crowd
                      dynamics},
      journal      = {Fire and materials},
      volume       = {45},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1099-1018},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-00969},
      pages        = {529-542},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The importance of empirical relations to quantify the
                      movement of pedestrians through a facility has increased
                      during the last decades since performance‐based design
                      methods became more common. Bottlenecks are of special
                      interest because of their importance for egress routes and
                      as they result in a reduced capacity. The empirical
                      relations as the density‐dependent movement speed or flow
                      rate were derived by studies under laboratory conditions,
                      which were usually conducted with populations of homogeneous
                      characteristics for better control of influencing variables.
                      If individual characteristics of a crowd become more
                      heterogeneous, individuals were forced to adapt their
                      individual movement and control individual manoeuvring.
                      These unintended interactions lead to a different shape of
                      the fundamental empirical relations. Here, we present
                      results from a movement study under well‐controlled
                      boundary conditions in which participants with and without
                      different characteristics of disabilities participated. To
                      consider the effect of different heterogeneities on the
                      capacity of a facility, fundamental diagrams are generated
                      using the Voronoi method. If participants with visible
                      disabilities (such as using assistive devices) are part of a
                      crowd, significant differences relating to the shape of the
                      empirical relations and the capacities are found. This
                      indicates that the heterogeneity of a population leads to an
                      increased interpersonal interaction which results in
                      influenced movement characteristics.},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000511222800001},
      doi          = {10.1002/fam.2789},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/873749},
}