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@ARTICLE{Kubo:873863,
      author       = {Kubo, Yusuke and Hoffmann, Bernd and Goltz, Katja and
                      Schnakenberg, Uwe and Jahr, Holger and Merkel, Rudolf and
                      Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula and Pufe, Thomas and Tohidnezhad,
                      Mersedeh},
      title        = {{D}ifferent {F}requency of {C}yclic {T}ensile {S}train
                      {R}elates to {A}nabolic/{C}atabolic {C}onditions
                      {C}onsistent with {I}mmunohistochemical {S}taining
                      {I}ntensity in {T}enocytes},
      journal      = {International journal of molecular sciences},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1422-0067},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {Molecular Diversity Preservation International},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01055},
      pages        = {1082 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Tenocytes are mechanosensitive cells intimately adapting
                      their expression profile and hence, their phenotype to their
                      respective mechanomilieu. The immunolocalization and
                      expression intensity of tenogenic, anabolic and catabolic
                      markers in tenocytes in response to in vitro mechanical
                      loading have not been monitored by immunohistochemical
                      staining (IHC). Thus, we investigated the association
                      between IHC intensities, different stimulation frequencies,
                      and tenogenic metabolism using a versatile mechanical
                      stretcher. Primary tenocytes obtained from murine Achilles
                      tendons were transferred to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)
                      elastomeric chamber. Chambers were cyclically stretched by
                      $5\%$ in uniaxial direction at a variation of tensile
                      frequency (1 or 2 Hz) for 3 h. After stretching, cell
                      physiology, IHC intensities of tendon-related markers, and
                      protein level of the angiogenesis marker vascular
                      endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated. Cell
                      proliferation in tenocytes stimulated with 1 Hz stretch was
                      significantly higher than with 2 Hz or without stretch,
                      while 2 Hz stretch induced significantly reduced cell
                      viability and proliferation with microscopically detectable
                      apoptotic cell changes. The amount of scleraxis translocated
                      into the nuclei and tenomodulin immunoreactivity of
                      tenocytes treated with stretch were significantly higher
                      than of non-stretched cells. The collagen type-1 expression
                      level in tenocytes stretched at 1 Hz was significantly
                      higher than in those cultivated with 2 Hz or without
                      stretching, whereas the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and
                      MMP-13 immunoreactivities of cells stretched at 2 Hz were
                      significantly higher than in those stimulated with 1 Hz or
                      without stretching. The secreted VEGF-protein level of
                      tenocytes stretched at 2 Hz was significantly higher than
                      without stretching. Our IHC findings consistent with cell
                      physiology suggest that appropriate stretching can reproduce
                      in vitro short-term tenogenic anabolic/catabolic conditions
                      and allow us to identify an anabolic stretching profile.},
      cin          = {ICS-7},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-7-20110106},
      pnm          = {552 - Engineering Cell Function (POF3-552)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-552},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32041254},
      UT           = {WOS:000522551607009},
      doi          = {10.3390/ijms21031082},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/873863},
}