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@ARTICLE{Schreiber:874227,
      author       = {Schreiber, Andrea and Marx, Josefine and Zapp, Petra and
                      Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm},
      title        = {{C}omparative {L}ife {C}ycle {A}ssessment of {N}eodymium
                      {O}xide {E}lectrolysis in {M}olten {S}alt},
      journal      = {Advanced engineering materials},
      volume       = {22},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1527-2648},
      address      = {Frankfurt, M.},
      publisher    = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01319},
      pages        = {1901206 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Rare earth elements are used in renewable energy generation
                      techniques like wind turbines as well as in various
                      high‐tech applications in the automobile industry,
                      electrical engineering, optics, and catalyzers. Due to the
                      environmentally harmful production of rare earths, they have
                      been subject of life cycle assessment investigations in the
                      past years. Most of these studies focus on rare earth oxide
                      production. The subsequent reduction of rare earth oxides to
                      the final metal in a molten salt electrolysis has
                      significant environmental impacts especially on human
                      toxicity. The main drivers are rare earth fluoride
                      production and molten salt electrolysis. In this study,
                      exemplarily a comparative life cycle assessment of neodymium
                      oxide electrolysis in molten salt as well as various
                      neodymium fluoride production processes is conducted. The
                      different assumptions regarding inputs and outputs of the
                      electrolysis process are discussed. Then, the impacts of the
                      electrolysis processes modeled in different ways are
                      analyzed in relation to the entire process chain to produce
                      neodymium. The results show a share of the electrolysis
                      process on the entire process chain varying from $9\%$ to
                      $82\%$ depending on different assumptions. Based on this
                      analysis, improvements for the electrolysis process are
                      proposed.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000516271900001},
      doi          = {10.1002/adem.201901206},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874227},
}