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@ARTICLE{Wendland:874242,
      author       = {Wendland, Frank and Bergmann, Sabine and Eisele, Michael
                      and Gömann, Horst and Herrmann, Frank and Kreins, Peter and
                      Kunkel, Ralf},
      title        = {{M}odel-{B}ased {A}nalysis of {N}itrate {C}oncentration in
                      the {L}eachate—{T}he {N}orth {R}hine-{W}estfalia {C}ase
                      {S}tudy, {G}ermany},
      journal      = {Water},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2073-4441},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01333},
      pages        = {550 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Reaching the EU quality standard for nitrate (50 mg NO3/L)
                      in all groundwater bodies is a challenge in the Federal
                      State of North Rhine-Westfalia (Germany). In the research
                      project GROWA+ NRW 2021 initiated by the Federal States’
                      Ministry for Environment, Agriculture, Nature and Consumer
                      Protection, amongst other aspects, a model-based analysis of
                      agricultural nitrogen inputs into groundwater and nitrate
                      concentration in the leachate was carried out. For this
                      purpose, the water balance model mGROWA, the agro-economic
                      model RAUMIS, and the reactive N transport model DENUZ were
                      coupled and applied consistently across the whole territory
                      of North Rhine-Westfalia with a spatial resolution of 100 m
                      × 100 m. Besides agricultural N emissions, N emissions from
                      small sewage plants, urban systems, and NOx deposition were
                      also included in the model analysis. The comparisons of the
                      modelled nitrate concentrations in the leachate of different
                      land use influences with observed nitrate concentrations in
                      groundwater were shown to have a good correspondence with
                      regard to the concentration levels across all regions and
                      different land-uses in North Rhine-Westphalia. On the level
                      of ground water bodies (according to EU ground water
                      directive) N emissions exclusively from agriculture led to
                      failure of the good chemical state. This result will support
                      the selection and the adequate dimensioning of regionally
                      adapted agricultural N reduction measures},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000519846500241},
      doi          = {10.3390/w12020550},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874242},
}