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@BOOK{Stolten:874245,
      key          = {874245},
      editor       = {Stolten, Detlef and Emonts, Bernd},
      title        = {{IEK}-3 {R}eport 2019 {T}ailor-{M}ade {E}nergy {C}onversion
                      for {S}ustainable {F}uels},
      volume       = {484},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01336},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-451-5},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {162 S.},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {There is an urgent need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions
                      from the burning of fossil fuels in the transport sector.
                      Through its focused efforts in technology research on water
                      electrolysis and in the technoeconomic evaluation of future
                      transport solutions in the period under review, IEK-3
                      succeeded in improving the technological maturity of
                      advanced water electrolysis and gaining ground-breaking
                      insights into process engineering for the production of
                      synthetic fuels from H$_{2}$ and CO$_{2}$. Water
                      electrolysis at temperatures of roughly 70 °C permits
                      highly dynamic operation with fast start-up and shut-down
                      procedures. Electrolyzers with polymer electrolyte membranes
                      or potassium hydroxide solution have reached a sufficient
                      degree of maturity to facilitate the construction of large
                      plants on the megawatt scale, with current and future R\&D
                      activities focusing on improving performance, increasing
                      lifetimes, and reducing investment and operating costs.
                      Rolling out large-scale plants for electrochemical H$_{2}$
                      production serves as a test for their integration in the
                      energy system. Steam electrolysis at temperatures of up to
                      approximately 800 °C permits the use of surplus
                      high-temperature heat produced in many industrial
                      processes.The maturity of electrolyzers based on solid oxide
                      cells depends on that of the relevant fuel cells and is now
                      sufficiently high to enable plants to be constructed on the
                      kilowatt scale. Current and future R\&D activities focus on
                      resolving issues related to material changes that reduce
                      performance and lifetime; other priorities include designing
                      a reversible system for electrolysis and fuel cell operation
                      and achieving application-relevant cost targets. The
                      targeted processing of hydrogen from renewable sources and
                      carbon dioxide from climate-neutral sources produces a
                      synthetic, liquid fuel that in its ideal form substitutes
                      today’s kerosene or diesel and at the same time burns
                      without harmful residues. Dimensioning tools and methods are
                      being used to design a synthesis reactor – comprising an
                      autothermal reformer, WGS reactor, and catalytic burner –
                      which will synthesize the two source gases, H$_{2}$ and
                      CO$_{2}$, into a synfuel with high selectivity and low
                      conversion losses.},
      cin          = {IEK-3 / IEK-14},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874245},
}