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@ARTICLE{Eggemann:874379,
      author       = {Eggemann, Lea and Escobar, Neus and Peters, Ralf and
                      Burauel, Peter and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{L}ife {C}ycle {A}ssessment of a {S}mall-{S}cale {M}ethanol
                      {P}roduction {S}ystem: {A} {P}ower-to-{F}uel {S}trategy for
                      {B}iogas {P}lants},
      journal      = {Journal of cleaner production},
      volume       = {271},
      issn         = {0959-6526},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01401},
      pages        = {122476 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Power-to-Fuel (PtF) systems use carbon dioxide and hydrogen
                      as feedstock together for renewable fuel production and can
                      hence contribute to climate change mitigation. This study
                      assesses the environmental performance, from cradle to gate,
                      of an innovative PtF system for synthetic methanol
                      production, which integrates a biogas plant based on manure
                      and straw residues as well as a combined heat and power
                      unit. Under this concept, the residual carbon dioxide from
                      biogas production is used for the synthesis of methanol,
                      whereas hydrogen is obtained via wind-based electrolysis. A
                      life cycle assessment (LCA) is carried out here for 1 kg of
                      methanol produced with the integrated system proposed,
                      operated on a small scale. In view of the
                      multi-functionality of the process, the uncertainty in LCA
                      outcomes is assessed by considering different assumptions on
                      co-product credits for both the electricity from
                      cogeneration and the digestate from the anaerobic digestion
                      of organic raw materials. Additionally, a sensitivity
                      analysis is performed to examine the influence of
                      variability in life cycle inventory data on the results. All
                      the analysed scenarios show significant improvements
                      compared with conventional methanol production from fossil
                      resources (with only a few exceptions for acidification and
                      eutrophication). The sensitivity analysis shows that
                      parameters determining the overall energy requirements as
                      well as methane losses from anaerobic digestion in the PtF
                      system greatly influence its environmental performance, and
                      should be carefully considered in process design and
                      upscaling. In spite of the uncertainty inherent in LCA, the
                      system is presented as an interesting option to produce
                      renewable methanol while contributing towards a circular
                      economy, provided that the economic performance is also
                      beneficial relative to the fossil alternative.},
      cin          = {IEK-14 / IEK-3 / ZC},
      ddc          = {330},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ZC-20120829},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000569336500014},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122476},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874379},
}