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@ARTICLE{Staropoli:874384,
      author       = {Staropoli, Mariapaola and Gerstner, Dominik and Radulescu,
                      Aurel and Sztucki, Michael and Duez, Benoit and Westermann,
                      Stephan and Lenoble, Damien and Pyckhout-Hintzen, Wim},
      title        = {{D}ecoupling the {C}ontributions of {Z}n{O} and {S}ilica in
                      the {C}haracterization of {I}ndustrially-{M}ixed {F}illed
                      {R}ubbers by {C}ombining {S}mall {A}ngle {N}eutron and
                      {X}-{R}ay {S}cattering},
      journal      = {Polymers},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2073-4360},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01404},
      pages        = {502 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Scattering techniques with neutrons and X-rays are powerful
                      methods for the investigation of the hierarchical structure
                      of reinforcing fillers in rubber matrices. However, when
                      using only X-ray scattering, the independent determination
                      of the filler response itself sometimes remains an issue
                      because of a strong parasitic contribution of the ZnO
                      catalyst and activator in the vulcanization process.
                      Microscopic characterization of filler-rubber mixtures even
                      with only catalytic amounts of ZnO is, therefore, inevitably
                      complex. Here, we present a study of silica aggregates
                      dispersed in an SBR rubber in the presence of the catalyst
                      and show that accurate partial structure factors of both
                      components can be determined separately from the combination
                      of the two scattering probes, neutrons, and X-rays. A unique
                      separation of the silica filler scattering function devoid
                      of parasitic catalyst scattering becomes possible. From the
                      combined analysis, the catalyst contribution is determined
                      as well and results to be prominent in the correction
                      scheme. The experimental nano-structure of the ZnO after the
                      mixing process as the by-product of the scattering
                      decomposition was found also to be affected by the presence
                      or absence of silica in the rubber mixture, correlated with
                      the shear forces in the mixing and milling processes during
                      sample preparation. The presented method is well suited for
                      studies of novel dual filler systems},
      cin          = {ICS-1 / JCNS-1 / JCNS-FRM-II / MLZ},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-1-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 / I:(DE-588b)4597118-3},
      pnm          = {6215 - Soft Matter, Health and Life Sciences (POF3-621) /
                      551 - Functional Macromolecules and Complexes (POF3-551) /
                      6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)
                      / 6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6215 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-551 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS2-20140101 / EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS3-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32106486},
      UT           = {WOS:000525952000001},
      doi          = {10.3390/polym12030502},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874384},
}