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@ARTICLE{Mller:874386,
      author       = {Möller, S. and Krug, R. and Rayaprolu, R. and Kuhn, B. and
                      Joußen, E. and Kreter, A.},
      title        = {{D}euterium retention in tungsten and reduced activation
                      steels after 3 {M}e{V} proton irradiation},
      journal      = {Nuclear materials and energy},
      volume       = {23},
      issn         = {2352-1791},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01406},
      pages        = {100742},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Nuclear fusion plasma-facing materials (PFM) will suffer
                      from irradiation, leading to significant changes in the
                      material properties. This study investigates the impact
                      ofdisplacement damage on the deuterium retention near room
                      temperature. ITER grade tungsten, Eurofer-97, and HiperFer
                      17Cr5 steel samples are irradiated with a tandem accelerator
                      with ∼3 MeV protons at currents of 100-600 nA on 250-550
                      µm spots at 320±10 K. In total 33 spots from 0 to 0.9
                      displacements per atom (DPA) at 0-4 µm depth are irradiated
                      on 5 samples. After irradiation, the samples are exposed to
                      D2 plasmas with a peak ion-flux of 2.1*1021 D/m²s for 4 h
                      at <420 K in PSI-2. Lastly, D retention is measured via 3He
                      nuclear reaction analysis with a spot size of 200 µm up to
                      4.5 µm depth. The long-term D retention in both W and steel
                      increases with DPA with a saturation starting around 0.2
                      DPA. Retention in W increased by a factor 12 with up to 3.2
                      $at.\%$ D, while in steel increases up to 180 times with up
                      to 0.08 $at.\%$ D were observed. The results highlight the
                      importance of using steels also in PFMs. Compatibility of
                      the results with heavy ion irradiations boosts the
                      confidence in inter-comparability between different ion
                      types, but also between ions and neutrons.},
      organization  = {Plasma-Facing Materials and Components
                       for Fusion Applications, Eindhoven},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-4 / IEK-2 / S-L},
      ddc          = {624},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)S-L-20150915},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174) / EUROfusion -
                      Implementation of activities described in the Roadmap to
                      Fusion during Horizon 2020 through a Joint programme of the
                      members of the EUROfusion consortium (633053)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174 / G:(EU-Grant)633053},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000569099500004},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.nme.2020.100742},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874386},
}