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@ARTICLE{Heim:874603,
      author       = {Heim, Stefan and Peiseler, N. and Bekemeier, N.},
      title        = {“{F}ew” or “{M}any”? {A}n {A}daptation {L}evel
                      {T}heory account for flexibility in quantifier processing},
      journal      = {Frontiers in psychology},
      volume       = {11},
      issn         = {1664-1078},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01531},
      pages        = {382},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Quantifiers (e.g., “many,” “some,” “at least
                      seven,” “more than half”) are words characterizing
                      amounts or numerosities by reference to an internal
                      threshold, or degree. For some quantifiers, this degree is
                      not uniquely defined: It varies for external contexts
                      (“many lions”/“many flies”) but may also be shifted
                      within an individual (“many fries” for a hungry/full
                      person). Previous studies showed that manipulation of the
                      degree for one quantifier can impact that of other
                      quantifiers. In this study, we tested whether such changes
                      can occur by mere habituation, as formalized in the
                      Adaptation Level Theory by Helson (1948) for sensory stimuli
                      such as brightness or weight. To this end, participants read
                      a quantifier statement and then judged whether a visual
                      display with varying amounts $(20–80\%)$ of blue and
                      yellow circles matched that statement. In Block 1, we
                      identified which proportion of circles of a given color was
                      judged by participants as “many” or “few.” In Block
                      2, we modified the presentation of stimuli such that (1)
                      only the quantifier “many” was used and (2) only low
                      proportions of circles of a given color were presented, thus
                      changing the base rate at which proportions were encountered
                      together with “many.” The hypothesis was that the
                      internal degree of what is interpreted as “many” would
                      be shifted downward and that this shift would also affect
                      judgments of “few.” Block 3 was identical to Block 1,
                      serving as a test for the expected effect on the
                      degree/threshold for/across all proportions. The findings
                      were as expected: The probability of accepting $40\%$ as
                      “many” was increased during Block 2, indicating
                      adaptation. Likewise, the probability function for “few”
                      was shifted in a parallel fashion around the proportion
                      $40\%.$ These findings complemented earlier studies
                      demonstrating intra-individual flexibility in quantifier
                      processing. They show that this flexibility can even be
                      observed in the absence of explicitly stated verbal contexts
                      or reinforcements, in line with the Adaptation Level Theory
                      formulated originally for magnitudes, i.e., non-linguistic
                      representations of quantities.},
      cin          = {INM-1},
      ddc          = {150},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {571 - Connectivity and Activity (POF3-571)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-571},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32265772},
      UT           = {WOS:000525580300001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00382},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874603},
}