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@MISC{Carmo:874867,
      author       = {Carmo, Marcelo},
      title        = {{P}olymer {E}lectrolyte {M}embrane {W}ater {E}lectrolyzers
                      – {C}urrent {C}hallenges, and {P}erspectives beyond 2020},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01672},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Hydrogen is largely considered the best means by which to
                      store energy coming from renewable andintermittent power
                      sources such as wind and solar. With the growing capacity of
                      out-spread renewableenergy sources surpassing the gigawatt
                      range, a storage system of equal magnitude is required,
                      suchas the production of electrolytic hydrogen by water
                      electrolysis. Consequently, we envision a rapidmarket
                      penetration of water electrolyzers in the next years.
                      Nevertheless, the deployment of current,commercially
                      available electrolyzer stacks and systems is conceivable for
                      the current initial period ofenergy transition and shall go
                      over the next decades. However, electrolyzers still need
                      transformation,rupturing from small, costly and
                      low-efficiency units into game-change electrolyzers much
                      larger than10 MW, with efficiencies above $80\%,$ power
                      densities greater than 10 W/cm2, and demonstrateddurability
                      above 100.000 hours. To achieve these goals, fast and large
                      $R\&D$ investment is necessary,strong commitment from
                      government and society; all tied with focused and intensive
                      internationalcollaboration. Over the past 10 years, new
                      companies and projects have appeared, with new leadersbeing
                      consequently established in this growing “niche”. In
                      this presentation I will show our latest $R\&Dapproaches;$
                      aiming to increase efficiency, improve durability, and
                      reduce the investment/operatingcosts of electrolyzers to
                      allow large market penetration of these systems. We believe
                      that only throughcutting-edge $R\&D$ and significant
                      advancements, we will be able to ultimately establish
                      “green”hydrogen as a commodity in the energy storage
                      market, and contribute to our so much desiredenvironmentally
                      friendly hydrogen economy.},
      month         = {Feb},
      date          = {2020-02-06},
      organization  = {Queen´s University, Kingston/Ontario
                       (Canady), 6 Feb 2020 - 6 Feb 2020},
      subtyp        = {Invited},
      cin          = {IEK-14},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)17},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874867},
}