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@ARTICLE{Pithan:874909,
      author       = {Pithan, Christian and Katsu, Hayato and Waser, Rainer},
      title        = {{D}efect chemistry of donor-doped {B}a{T}i{O} 3 with
                      {B}a{O}-excess for reduction resistant {PTCR} thermistor
                      applications – redox-behaviour},
      journal      = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics},
      volume       = {22},
      number       = {15},
      issn         = {1463-9084},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01697},
      pages        = {8219-8232},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The electrical conductivity of donor-doped BaTiO3
                      thermistor ceramics with excessive BaO revealing a
                      reduction-persistent PTCR effect has been carefully examined
                      depending on materials’ composition and oxygen partial
                      pressure at moderate temperatures between 973 and 1273 K.
                      This thermal regime represents the range which is relevant
                      for the realization of insulating grain boundaries in these
                      electrically inhomogeneous ceramic materials through
                      reoxidation. Based on the experimental results strong
                      evidence for a general correlation between the PTCR
                      characteristics, DC-conductivity and the herewith associated
                      defect chemistry significant to thermistor applications is
                      presented for the system (Ba, La)mTiO3, where m designates
                      the BaO-excess (m ≥ 1). Nominal compositions with a
                      relatively low (Ba + La)/Ti ratio m only show a rather poor
                      PTCR effect and an overall donor-type response in
                      conductivity can be observed at all levels of oxygen partial
                      pressure considered in the present study. With increasing
                      (Ba + La)/Ti ratio m the nonlinear resistivity jump with
                      increasing temperature strongly improves and the
                      acceptor-type behaviour seems to dominate the total
                      conductivity at partial pressures of oxygen above
                      approximately 10−6 MPa. This result for compositions with
                      high BaO-excess can be understood by the local formation of
                      point defect associates in the grain boundary regions that
                      consist of both acceptor-type titanium vacancies and
                      donor-type oxygen vacancies. Their origin is attributed to
                      the preferential local incorporation of excessive BaO into
                      the BaTiO3 lattice at the intergranular interfaces.},
      cin          = {PGI-7 / JARA-FIT},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106 / $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$},
      pnm          = {524 - Controlling Collective States (POF3-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-524},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32249854},
      UT           = {WOS:000529178800052},
      doi          = {10.1039/C9CP06793K},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874909},
}