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@ARTICLE{Beegum:874915,
      author       = {Beegum, Sahila and Vanderborght, Jan and Šimůnek, Jiří
                      and Herbst, Michael and Sudheer, K. P. and Nambi, Indumathi
                      M},
      title        = {{I}nvestigating {A}trazine {C}oncentrations in the
                      {Z}wischenscholle {A}quifer {U}sing {MODFLOW} with the
                      {HYDRUS}-1{D} {P}ackage and {MT}3{DMS}},
      journal      = {Water},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2073-4441},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01699},
      pages        = {1019 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Simulation models that describe the flow and transport
                      processes of pesticides in soil and groundwater are
                      important tools to analyze how surface pesticide
                      applications influence groundwater quality. The aim of this
                      study is to investigate whether the slow decline and the
                      stable spatial pattern of atrazine concentrations after its
                      ban, which were observed in a long-term monitoring study of
                      pesticide concentrations in the Zwischenscholle aquifer
                      (Germany), could be explained by such model simulations.
                      Model simulations were carried out using MODFLOW model
                      coupled with the HYDRUS-1D package and MT3DMS. The results
                      indicate that the spatial variability in the atrazine
                      application rate and the volume of water entering and
                      leaving the aquifer through lateral boundaries produced
                      variations in the spatial distribution of atrazine in the
                      aquifer. The simulated and observed water table levels and
                      the average annual atrazine concentrations were found to be
                      comparable. The long-term analysis of the simulated impact
                      of atrazine applications in the study area shows that
                      atrazine persisted in groundwater even 20 years after its
                      ban at an average atrazine concentration of 0.035 µg/L.
                      These results corroborate the findings of the previous
                      monitoring studies.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000539527500096},
      doi          = {10.3390/w12041019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874915},
}