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@ARTICLE{Trempler:874939,
      author       = {Trempler, Ima and Bürkner, Paul-Christian and El-Sourani,
                      Nadiya and Binder, Ellen and Reker, Paul and Fink, Gereon R.
                      and Schubotz, Ricarda I.},
      title        = {{I}mpaired context-sensitive adjustment of behaviour in
                      {P}arkinson’s disease patients tested on and off
                      medication: {A}n f{MRI} study},
      journal      = {NeuroImage},
      volume       = {212},
      issn         = {1053-8119},
      address      = {Orlando, Fla.},
      publisher    = {Academic Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01711},
      pages        = {116674 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The brain’s sensitivity to and accentuation of
                      unpredicted over predicted sensory signals plays a
                      fundamental role in learning. According to recent
                      theoretical models of the predictive coding framework,
                      dopamine is responsible for balancing the interplay between
                      bottom-up input and top-down predictions by controlling the
                      precision of surprise signals that guide learning.Using
                      functional MRI, we investigated whether patients with
                      Parkinson’s disease (PD) show impaired learning from
                      prediction errors requiring either adaptation or
                      stabilisation of current predictions. Moreover, we were
                      interested in whether deficits in learning over a specific
                      time scale would be accompanied by altered surprise
                      responses in dopamine-related brain structures. To this end,
                      twenty-one PD patients tested on and off dopaminergic
                      medication and twenty-one healthy controls performed a digit
                      prediction paradigm. During the task, violations of
                      sequence-based predictions either signalled the need to
                      update or to stabilise the current prediction and, thus, to
                      react to them or ignore them, respectively. To investigate
                      contextual adaptation to prediction errors, the probability
                      (or its inverse, surprise) of the violations fluctuated
                      across the experiment.When the probability of prediction
                      errors over a specific time scale increased, healthy
                      controls but not PD patients off medication became more
                      flexible, i.e., error rates at violations requiring a motor
                      response decreased in controls but increased in patients. On
                      the neural level, this learning deficit in patients was
                      accompanied by reduced signalling in the substantia nigra
                      and the caudate nucleus. In contrast, differences between
                      the groups regarding the probabilistic modulation of
                      behaviour and neural responses were much less pronounced at
                      prediction errors requiring only stabilisation but no
                      adaptation. Interestingly, dopaminergic medication could
                      neither improve learning from prediction errors nor restore
                      the physiological, neurotypical pattern.Our findings point
                      to a pivotal role of dysfunctions of the substantia nigra
                      and caudate nucleus in deficits in learning from
                      flexibility-demanding prediction errors in PD. Moreover, the
                      data witness poor effects of dopaminergic medication on
                      learning in PD.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32097724},
      UT           = {WOS:000525320500014},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116674},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874939},
}