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@ARTICLE{Schroeter:875140,
      author       = {Schroeter, Matthias L. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Engel,
                      Annerose},
      title        = {{F}rom correlational approaches to meta-analytical symptom
                      reading in individual patients: {B}ilateral lesions in the
                      inferior frontal junction specifically cause dysexecutive
                      syndrome},
      journal      = {Cortex},
      volume       = {128},
      issn         = {0010-9452},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01832},
      pages        = {73 - 87},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {We thank the patient for giving permission to publish this
                      case report, and Joshua Grant, PhD, Max Planck Institute
                      forHuman Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany,
                      forproof-reading. MLS has been supported by LIFE e
                      LeipzigResearch Center for Civilization Diseases,
                      Universit€at Leipzig.LIFE is funded by means of the
                      European Union, by the EuropeanRegional Development Fund and
                      by means of the FreeState of Saxony within the framework of
                      the excellenceinitiative, by the German Research Foundation
                      (DFG; SCHR774/5-1), by the German Consortium for
                      Frontotemporal LobarDegeneration, funded by the German
                      Federal Ministry of Educationand Research (BMBF; FKZ
                      O1GI1007A), by the Parkinson’sDisease Foundation
                      (PDF-IRG-1307), and the Michael J.Fox Foundation
                      (MJFF-11362)},
      abstract     = {BACKGROUND:Executive functions describe a wide variety of
                      higher order cognitive processes allowing the modification
                      of thought and behavior in response to changing contexts.
                      Recent comprehensive quantitative and systematic
                      meta-analyses on functional imaging studies in healthy
                      subjects identified the inferior frontal junction (IFJ),
                      located at the junction of the inferior frontal sulcus and
                      the inferior precentral sulcus, as essential for executive
                      functions. Lesion studies in patients are necessary for
                      confirmation of this finding.CASE PRESENTATION:We present,
                      as a proof of concept, a 56 year old woman with bilateral
                      ischemic lesions in the IFJ caused by multiple
                      stroke-related brain infarcts in the bilateral territory of
                      the middle cerebral artery. Comprehensive neuropsychological
                      testing revealed specific deficits in executive functions,
                      namely working memory, task switching, inhibitory control,
                      interference resolution, fluency, and complex executive
                      function tests focusing on action planning and problem
                      solving abilities. Memory functions were within the normal
                      range. Furthermore, we applied comprehensive meta-analyses
                      to validate the importance of the IFJ for executive
                      functions. (i) Lesions in the patient's brain in the IFJ
                      coincide with regional activation in functional imaging
                      studies for working memory, task switching, and the Stroop
                      task. (ii) Lesions in the patient's IFJ should affect a
                      frontoparietal network as shown with connectivity analyses.
                      (iii) We introduce a new analysis tool - Meta-Analytical
                      Reading of Symptoms (MARS) - that enables prediction of
                      clinical symptoms from imaging data in individual
                      patients.CONCLUSIONS:Our study confirms the importance of
                      the IFJ as the causal agent, in a frontoparietal network,
                      for dysexecutive syndrome. As a lesion study, it goes beyond
                      correlational imaging approaches. The new meta-analytical
                      symptom reading approach can be applied in other patients
                      and diseases. It has a high potential to foster
                      individualized diagnosis and therapy in clinical settings in
                      the framework of personalized medicine.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32320849},
      UT           = {WOS:000546451700007},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.cortex.2020.03.010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/875140},
}