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000875149 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)173971$$aAdrian, Juliane$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000875149 245__ $$aCrowds in front of bottlenecks at entrances from the perspective of physics and social psychology
000875149 260__ $$aLondon$$bThe Royal Society$$c2020
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000875149 520__ $$aThis article presents an interdisciplinary study of physical and social psychological effects on crowd dynamics based on a series of bottleneck experiments. Bottlenecks are of particular interest for applications such as crowd management and design of emergency routes because they limit the performance of a facility. In addition to previous work on the dynamics within the bottleneck, this study focuses on the dynamics in front of the bottleneck, more specifically, at entrances. The experimental set-up simulates an entrance scenario to a concert consisting of an entrance gate (serving as bottleneck) and a corridor formed by barriers. The parameters examined are the corridor width, degree of motivation and priming of the social norm of queuing. The analysis is based on head trajectories and questionnaires. We show that the density of persons per square metre depends on motivation and also increases continuously with increasing corridor width, meaning that a density reduction can be achieved by a reduction of space. In comparison to other corridor widths observed, the narrowest corridor is rated as being fairer, more comfortable and as showing less unfair behaviour. Pushing behaviour is seen as ambivalent: it is rated as unfair and listed as a strategy for faster access.
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000875149 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)132266$$aSeyfried, Armin$$b1
000875149 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)178979$$aSieben, Anna$$b2
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