% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Adrian:875149,
      author       = {Adrian, Juliane and Seyfried, Armin and Sieben, Anna},
      title        = {{C}rowds in front of bottlenecks at entrances from the
                      perspective of physics and social psychology},
      journal      = {Interface},
      volume       = {17},
      number       = {165},
      issn         = {1742-5662},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {The Royal Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01839},
      pages        = {20190871 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {This article presents an interdisciplinary study of
                      physical and social psychological effects on crowd dynamics
                      based on a series of bottleneck experiments. Bottlenecks are
                      of particular interest for applications such as crowd
                      management and design of emergency routes because they limit
                      the performance of a facility. In addition to previous work
                      on the dynamics within the bottleneck, this study focuses on
                      the dynamics in front of the bottleneck, more specifically,
                      at entrances. The experimental set-up simulates an entrance
                      scenario to a concert consisting of an entrance gate
                      (serving as bottleneck) and a corridor formed by barriers.
                      The parameters examined are the corridor width, degree of
                      motivation and priming of the social norm of queuing. The
                      analysis is based on head trajectories and questionnaires.
                      We show that the density of persons per square metre depends
                      on motivation and also increases continuously with
                      increasing corridor width, meaning that a density reduction
                      can be achieved by a reduction of space. In comparison to
                      other corridor widths observed, the narrowest corridor is
                      rated as being fairer, more comfortable and as showing less
                      unfair behaviour. Pushing behaviour is seen as ambivalent:
                      it is rated as unfair and listed as a strategy for faster
                      access.},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32343932},
      UT           = {WOS:000530497700001},
      doi          = {10.1098/rsif.2019.0871},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/875149},
}